from κατά and λαμβάνω; to take eagerly, i.e. seize, possess, etc. (literally or figuratively):--apprehend, attain, come upon, comprehend, find, obtain, perceive, (over-)take.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **katalambánō**, represented by `{{G2638}}`, is a dynamic term built from κατά and λαμβάνω. Its core definition is to take eagerly, seize, or possess. It appears **15 times** across **14 unique verses**, with its meaning shifting based on context to include concepts like apprehending, attaining, comprehending, perceiving, or overtaking.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G2638}}` is used to convey several distinct actions. In a spiritual sense, it describes the active pursuit of a divine goal, as when Paul states he follows after, that he may **apprehend** that for which Christ apprehended him [[Philippians 3:12]]. It is also used to signify mental or spiritual understanding, as in John's declaration that the **light** `{{G5457}}` shines in **darkness** `{{G4653}}`, and the darkness did not **comprehend** it [[John 1:5]]. In a more literal or sudden sense, it can mean to be overtaken or come upon, such as the warning to **walk** `{{G4043}}` in the light lest darkness **come upon** you [[John 12:35]], or to be physically seized, as in the case of the woman **taken** in adultery [[John 8:4]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{G2638}}`:
* `{{G2983}}` **lambánō** (to take): As the root verb of **katalambánō**, it signifies the act of taking or receiving. It is used in parallel to describe receiving a prize for which one must run to **obtain** `{{G2638}}` [[1 Corinthians 9:24]].
* `{{G1377}}` **diṓkō** (to pursue): This word for active pursuit is often linked with the goal of attainment expressed by **katalambánō**. Paul uses them together, stating he must **follow after** `{{G1377}}` in order to **apprehend** `{{G2638}}` the prize [[Philippians 3:12]].
* `{{G1492}}` **eídō** (to see, know): This word relates to the sense of perception found in **katalambánō**. After warning that darkness could **come upon** `{{G2638}}` them, Jesus notes that one who walks in darkness **knoweth** `{{G1492}}` not where he is going [[John 12:35]].
* `{{G4653}}` **skotía** (darkness): This term is frequently set in opposition to the concept of comprehension. The inability of the **darkness** `{{G4653}}` to **comprehend** `{{G2638}}` the light is a central theme in John's gospel [[John 1:5]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2638}}` is significant and multifaceted.
* **Spiritual Pursuit:** The word frames the Christian life as an active and purposeful race. Believers are encouraged to run in such a way that they may **obtain** `{{G2638}}` the prize, highlighting a required effort and focus [[1 Corinthians 9:24]]. This is reinforced by Paul’s personal testimony of pressing on to **apprehend** his heavenly calling [[Philippians 3:12]].
* **Comprehending Divine Truth:** **Katalambánō** is used for moments of sudden, spirit-given insight. Peter **perceives** `{{G2638}}` the truth that God is not a respecter of persons [[Acts 10:34]], and believers are encouraged to pray that they may **comprehend** `{{G2638}}` the vastness of Christ's love [[Ephesians 3:18]].
* **The Conflict of Light and Darkness:** The word is crucial to understanding the opposition to divine revelation. The declaration that darkness could not **comprehend** `{{G2638}}` the light establishes a key spiritual reality: the forces of unbelief and sin cannot grasp or overcome the truth of Christ [[John 1:5]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2638}}` is far more than a simple word for "taking." It conveys a sense of urgent pursuit, active seizing, and profound comprehension. Whether describing the believer’s race to **obtain** a spiritual reward, the inability of darkness to **comprehend** the light, or the sudden perception of a divine truth, **katalambánō** emphasizes an active and decisive engagement with spiritual realities.
TRV