### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **kataginṓskō**, represented by `{{G2607}}`, is formed from κατά and γινώσκω and means **to note against, i.e. find fault with, blame, or condemn**. It appears **3 times** in **3 unique verses**, highlighting specific instances where a person or one's own heart is found to be at fault.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G2607}}` is used in two primary contexts. It is used by the apostle John to describe the internal judgment of a believer's own **heart** `{{G2588}}`. He explains that if our **heart condemn us**, we can take comfort that God is greater and **knoweth** `{{G1097}}` all things [[1 John 3:20]]. Conversely, if our **heart condemn** us not, we have confidence toward God [[1 John 3:21]]. The term is also used to describe a direct, apostolic rebuke, as when Paul **withstood** `{{G436}}` Peter to the **face** `{{G4383}}` in Antioch **because** `{{G3754}}` he was **to be blamed** [[Galatians 2:11]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning and application of **kataginṓskō**:
* `{{G1097}}` **ginṓskō** (to "know" (absolutely)): As a root of `{{G2607}}`, this word provides the base concept of knowledge. The act of condemning is a form of "knowing against" someone or oneself, which is contrasted in scripture with God, who "knoweth all things" [[1 John 3:20]].
* `{{G2588}}` **kardía** (the heart, i.e. (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind)): This is the source of the self-condemnation discussed in 1 John. The state of one's **heart** is what **condemns** or, alternatively, provides confidence before God [[1 John 3:21]].
* `{{G436}}` **anthístēmi** (to stand against, i.e. oppose): This word describes the action taken as a result of a justified finding of fault. Paul **withstood** Peter specifically because his conduct was blameworthy [[Galatians 2:11]].
* `{{G4383}}` **prósōpon** (the front...the countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person): This term highlights the direct and public nature of the blame in [[Galatians 2:11]], where Paul opposed Peter "to the **face**".
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2607}}` is significant despite its infrequent use.
* **The Conscience and Assurance:** The use of `{{G2607}}` in 1 John addresses the believer's inner life. It distinguishes between the fallible condemnation of our own **heart** `{{G2588}}` and the ultimate, perfect **knowledge** `{{G1097}}` of God, providing a basis for assurance even when we feel at fault [[1 John 3:20]].
* **Grounds for Confidence:** A heart that does not **condemn** us is presented as the foundation for having confidence toward God [[1 John 3:21]]. This links righteous living with a clear conscience in the believer's relationship with God.
* **Accountability in Leadership:** The account in Galatians provides a key example of church accountability. Paul's decision to **withstand** `{{G436}}` Peter was justified **because** `{{G3754}}` Peter was **to be blamed**, showing that right conduct was a matter for face-to-face correction, even at the highest levels of leadership [[Galatians 2:11]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2607}}` **kataginṓskō** is a precise term for finding fault, whether internally by one's own **heart** or externally through a necessary rebuke. Though used only three times, it is crucial for understanding the biblical concepts of a believer's assurance before God and the importance of holding leaders accountable for their actions. It shows how "knowing against" oneself can be overcome by God's grace, and how "noting against" another can be a necessary act of corrective love.
TRV