### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **theostygḗs**, represented by `{{G2319}}`, defines someone who is **hateful to God**, or a **hater of God**. The term is derived from θεός (God) and the base of στυγνητός, conveying an active state of being impious. It is a rare term in scripture, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole biblical occurrence of `{{G2319}}` is in [[Romans 1:30]], where it is part of a list describing the characteristics of those who have turned away from God. The verse identifies these individuals as **backbiters** `{{G2637}}`, **haters of God** `{{G2319}}`, **despiteful** `{{G5197}}`, **proud** `{{G5244}}`, and **boasters** `{{G213}}`. This context places the act of being a "hater of God" alongside other sins related to pride, malice, and disobedience, linking internal impiety to external actions.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words found in the same passage help to clarify the meaning of `{{G2319}}`:
* `{{G5244}}` **hyperḗphanos** (proud): This term means "haughty" and describes those who appear above others. Its proximity to `{{G2319}}` suggests a link between pride and enmity toward God [[Romans 1:30]].
* `{{G5197}}` **hybristḗs** (despiteful): Meaning "an insulter, i.e. maltreater," this word shows how hatred for God can manifest as injurious behavior towards others [[Romans 1:30]].
* `{{G213}}` **alazṓn** (boaster): Defined simply as a "braggart," this term points to the self-exaltation that often accompanies a rejection of God [[Romans 1:30]].
* `{{G545}}` **apeithḗs** (disobedient): Meaning "unpersuadable, i.e. contumacious," it describes a defiance of authority, which in this context includes disobedience to **parents** `{{G1118}}` and, by extension, God [[Romans 1:30]].
* `{{G2556}}` **kakós** (evil): This word for worthless or depraved things is what the "inventors" `{{G2182}}` contrive, tying the state of being a hater of God to the creation of evil [[Romans 1:30]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2319}}` is significant despite its single use, as it describes a profound state of rebellion.
* **Active Enmity:** The term does not imply mere disbelief, but an active hatred toward God. It is the pinnacle of the ungodly mindset described in Romans 1.
* **Root of Social Decay:** Its placement in [[Romans 1:30]] suggests that being a "hater of God" is a core corruption that gives rise to a host of other sins, including being **despiteful** `{{G5197}}`, **proud** `{{G5244}}`, and **disobedient to parents** `{{G1118}}`.
* **Symptom of Pride:** The surrounding terms, particularly **proud** `{{G5244}}` and **boasters** `{{G213}}`, indicate that hating God is fundamentally an act of self-exaltation and a rejection of one's place as a created being.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2319}}` is a powerful and specific term for one who is a **hater of God**. Though it appears only once, its context in [[Romans 1:30]] frames it as a central element of a sinful nature. It connects an internal disposition of impiety with a wide range of interpersonal and social failings, illustrating how a rejection of God leads to pride, malice, and a breakdown of moral order.
TRV