from (much) and (grief; akin to the base of ἀγκάλη); to be greatly afflicted, i.e. (figuratively) indignant:--be much (sore) displeased, have (be moved with, with) indignation.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **aganaktéō**, represented by `{{G23}}`, describes being greatly afflicted or, figuratively, indignant. Its definition suggests a state of being "much (sore) displeased" or moved with "indignation." It appears **7 times** across **7 unique verses** in the Bible, consistently pointing to a strong emotional response of vexation or anger.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G23}}` is used to illustrate strong reactions from different groups. Jesus himself is "much displeased" when his disciples try to forbid children from coming to him [[Mark 10:14]]. The disciples express "indignation" upon seeing the ointment they consider a "waste" ([[Matthew 26:8]], [[Mark 14:4]]). The term also captures moments of internal conflict, such as when the ten disciples were "moved with indignation" against the two brethren [[Matthew 20:24]]. Religious authorities also react with `{{G23}}`, as when the chief priests and scribes were "sore displeased" by Jesus's actions in the temple [[Matthew 21:15]], and a ruler of the synagogue answered with "indignation" because Jesus healed on the Sabbath [[Luke 13:14]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words clarify the circumstances that provoke this indignation:
* `{{G684}}` **apṓleia** (ruin or loss... waste): This is the direct cause of the disciples' indignation when a woman anoints Jesus. They ask, "To what purpose is this **waste**?" [[Matthew 26:8]].
* `{{G2967}}` **kōlýō** (to estop, i.e. prevent... forbid): Jesus's displeasure is a direct response to his disciples' attempt to **forbid** children from approaching him [[Mark 10:14]].
* `{{G752}}` **archisynágōgos** (director of the synagogue services): The source of indignation is sometimes a figure of religious authority, as seen when the **ruler of the synagogue** answered with indignation over a healing on the Sabbath [[Luke 13:14]].
### Theological Significance
The use of `{{G23}}` carries significant weight, often revealing the heart and priorities of the one expressing it.
* **Righteous versus Misplaced Indignation:** The term highlights a contrast in motives. Jesus's displeasure is righteous, aimed at protecting the vulnerable [[Mark 10:14]]. Conversely, the disciples' indignation over the ointment is a misplaced priority [[Matthew 26:8]], as is the indignation of the ruler of the synagogue, who valued Sabbath rules over a person being healed [[Luke 13:14]].
* **Human Responses to Divine Acts:** The word frequently describes a negative human reaction to the works of Jesus. The chief priests and scribes were "sore displeased" after seeing the "wonderful things" he did [[Matthew 21:15]], showing how divine action can provoke indignation in those with opposing agendas.
* **Source of Conflict:** `{{G23}}` serves as an indicator of conflict and jealousy among followers. The ten disciples "were moved with indignation" against the two brethren who sought places of honor, revealing division within the group [[Matthew 20:24]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G23}}`, **aganaktéō**, is more than just anger; it is a profound indignation often tied to a perceived violation of principles. It is used to characterize the righteous displeasure of Jesus, the misplaced indignation of his disciples, and the resentful indignation of his opponents. The word consistently signals moments of conflict, revealing the underlying values of individuals when they are confronted with the actions of Christ or the ambitions of their peers.
TRV