### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **ḗper**, represented by `{{G2260}}`, is a particle used to mean **than**. It appears only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** in the entire Bible, making its single usage highly specific and significant. Its function is to create a direct and decisive comparison, highlighting a choice between two distinct options.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The sole appearance of `{{G2260}}` is in [[John 12:43]], where it establishes a crucial contrast in motivation and allegiance. The verse states that certain individuals "loved the praise of men more **than** the praise of God." Here, `{{G2260}}` acts as the pivot point in the sentence, sharply separating the desire for human approval from the desire for divine approval and clarifying which one was valued more. The word's function is purely comparative, but it serves to frame a profound spiritual choice.
### Related Words & Concepts
The context of `{{G2260}}` is illuminated by the words it directly connects. Its meaning is built upon the contrast between these terms:
* `{{G1391}}` **dóxa** (glory...praise...honour): This is the concept being weighed. The verse contrasts praise from one source against praise from another. This same word is used elsewhere to describe the "eternal glory" of God [[1 Peter 5:10]] and the "glory of the Lord" [[2 Corinthians 3:18]], underscoring the weight of what is at stake.
* `{{G444}}` **ánthrōpos** (man-faced, i.e. a human being): This represents the first source of praise. It refers to humanity, whose approval was sought. This word is used broadly to refer to mankind, as in the declaration that salvation is found in no other name given among men [[Acts 4:12]].
* `{{G2316}}` **theós** (a deity...the supreme Divinity): This is the second source of praise. As the ultimate authority, God is presented as the one whose approval is of greater value. Scripture affirms that He is the one to be loved [[Romans 8:28]] and the source of all good things.
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G2260}}` is derived entirely from its function in the critical choice presented in [[John 12:43]].
* **A Defining Choice:** The particle forces a clear distinction between two loyalties. The act of choosing the praise of `{{G444}}` (man) over the praise of `{{G2316}}` (God) is presented as a foundational error in faith and priority.
* **The Value of Glory:** By setting up the comparison with **than**, the verse questions the source and nature of `{{G1391}}` (glory/praise). It contrasts temporary, human-centric honor with the eternal glory that comes from God, who is called "the Father of glory" [[Ephesians 1:17]].
* **Heart's Allegiance:** The use of `{{G2260}}` ultimately serves to reveal the true state of the heart. The comparison it creates is not merely intellectual but emotional and volitional, as the verse explicitly mentions what they "loved" more, defining their ultimate allegiance.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G2260}}` is a simple comparative word, **than**, whose significance is magnified by its singular and impactful use. Its appearance in [[John 12:43]] frames one of the most fundamental conflicts in scripture: the choice between seeking validation from the world and seeking it from God. Though a minor grammatical particle, `{{G2260}}` structures a profound theological statement about worship, love, and the ultimate source of one's honor.
TRV