### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word `{{G2259}}` (hēníka) functions as a temporal adverb or conjunction, precisely conveying the meaning "when" or "at which time." Its base definition indicates a clear temporal reference, pointing to a specific moment or period during which an action or state occurs. While its etymological affinity is noted as "uncertain," its semantic range is unambiguous, serving to introduce a temporal clause that defines the circumstances of the main verb. It is distinct from more general temporal markers, often implying a particular juncture or condition.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
`{{G2259}}` appears in the New Testament in only three instances, yet each occurrence carries significant contextual weight:
* **[[2 Corinthians 3:15]]**: "But *when* Moses is read, a veil lies over their heart." Here, hēníka denotes a recurring, ongoing condition. Paul describes the spiritual state of those who read the Old Covenant without understanding its fulfillment in Christ. The "when" signifies the persistent practice of reading the Law, which, without the Spirit, results in continued spiritual blindness—a veil over the heart.
* **[[2 Corinthians 3:16]]**: "Nevertheless *when* one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed." In stark contrast to the preceding verse, this hēníka marks a transformative moment. It signifies the precise point in time when an individual turns to the Lord in faith. This "when" introduces the condition for the removal of the spiritual veil, highlighting the immediate and profound effect of conversion to Christ.
* **[[Acts 23:30]]**: "And *when* it was disclosed to me that there would be a plot against the man, I immediately sent him to you, instructing his accusers also to state before you what they have against him." In this historical narrative, hēníka refers to a specific past event. It marks the precise moment Claudius Lysias, the Roman commander, received information about the plot against Paul, which prompted his immediate action. Here, it serves to pinpoint a critical juncture in the unfolding events.
Across these contexts, hēníka consistently emphasizes the timing or condition of an event, whether it be a continuous state, a transformative moment, or a specific historical occurrence.
### Related Words & Concepts
`{{G2259}}` (hēníka) belongs to a family of Greek words that express temporal relationships. While its specific nuance is "at which time" or "when" often implying a condition or a particular point, it shares semantic space with other temporal conjunctions and adverbs:
* `{{G3753}}` (hóte): A common temporal conjunction, often translated "when," typically referring to a specific past event or a general truth.
* `{{G3752}}` (hótan): Meaning "whenever" or "when," often introducing a conditional or indefinite temporal clause, typically with the subjunctive mood.
* `{{G5119}}` (tóte): An adverb meaning "then" or "at that time," referring to a subsequent or specific past moment.
* `{{G2079}}` (epei): Primarily meaning "since" or "because," but can also carry a temporal sense of "when," particularly in the sense of "after."
* `{{G2532}}` (kai): While primarily "and," it can also function temporally, implying "and then" or "when."
Conceptually, hēníka relates to the theological themes of divine timing, the conditions for spiritual revelation, and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan in history. Its usage underscores the precise moments or ongoing conditions through which God acts or reveals Himself.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{G2259}}` (hēníka) is most profoundly evident in Paul's second letter to the Corinthians. In [[2 Corinthians 3:15-16]], Paul masterfully employs this word to delineate the stark contrast between the Old Covenant and the New Covenant, and the spiritual states associated with each.
The "when" in [[2 Corinthians 3:15]] points to the ongoing spiritual blindness experienced by those who engage with the Law of Moses without the illuminating Spirit of Christ. It signifies a persistent condition where the glory of the Old Covenant, though real, remains veiled to their hearts, preventing true understanding and transformation. This highlights the insufficiency of the Law alone to bring about spiritual life and clarity.
Conversely, the "when" in [[2 Corinthians 3:16]] marks the pivotal moment of conversion and spiritual liberation. "Nevertheless *when* one turns to the Lord, the veil is removed." This hēníka underscores the immediate and radical change that occurs when an individual exercises faith in Christ. It is not merely intellectual assent but a turning of the heart to the Lord that brings about spiritual discernment and freedom. This emphasizes the vital role of personal encounter with Christ as the means by which the veil of misunderstanding is lifted, allowing one to behold the glory of the Lord with unveiled face.
Thus, hēníka in this context serves as a crucial theological marker, delineating the before-and-after of conversion, and powerfully illustrating the transformative power of the New Covenant in Christ, which surpasses the limitations of the Old. In [[Acts 23:30]], while less overtly theological, it still points to the precise timing of providential intervention in Paul's life, demonstrating God's sovereign hand in human affairs.
### Summary
`{{G2259}}` (hēníka) is a precise Greek temporal adverb/conjunction meaning "when" or "at which time." Though appearing infrequently in the New Testament, its usage is highly significant. In [[2 Corinthians 3:15-16]], hēníka delineates the contrasting spiritual states under the Old and New Covenants, emphasizing the ongoing spiritual blindness of those who do not turn to Christ, and the immediate, transformative clarity that comes *when* one turns to the Lord. In [[Acts 23:30]], it serves as a precise marker for a specific historical event, highlighting the timing of a critical disclosure. Across its occurrences, hēníka underscores the importance of specific timing and conditions, whether in the context of spiritual revelation or divine providence, inviting reflection on the precise moments God acts and reveals His truth.
TRV