The Greek word eunouchízō, represented by G2134, means to castrate and is used figuratively to describe living unmarried. Derived from the word for eunuch, it appears 3 times in 1 unique verse, making its application in scripture highly specific. The term is used to describe the act of making someone, or oneself, a eunuch.
The sole context for G2134 is Matthew 19:12, where it is used to define two of three categories of eunuchs. The passage explains that some are eunuchs from birth, while others "were made eunuchs of men." The word appears again to describe a third group: those who "have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake" Matthew 19:12. This verse directly contrasts an act forced upon a person with a voluntary act of self-renunciation for a spiritual purpose.
Several related words provide a fuller understanding of the context in Matthew 19:12:
- G2135 eunoûchos (eunuch): This is the noun form from which G2134 is derived. It refers to a castrated person, an impotent or unmarried man, or a state officer. It is used to label all three groups in Matthew 19:12 and also describes the Ethiopian official in Acts 8:27.
- G1080 gennáō (to be born): This word is used to describe the first category of eunuchs, those who were "born" that way from their mother's womb Matthew 19:12. It is also used figuratively to mean regenerate, as in being "born of God" 1 John 4:7 or "born again" John 3:3.
The theological weight of G2134 is focused on the concept of voluntary sacrifice for a higher calling.
- A Distinction of Cause: The use of G2134 in Matthew 19:12 helps distinguish between celibacy due to external force ("made eunuchs of men") and celibacy as a conscious, personal choice.
- Renunciation for the Kingdom: The phrase "have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake" Matthew 19:12 elevates the concept from a physical state to a spiritual devotion. It presents the idea of forgoing marriage as a legitimate, voluntary path for those who are "able to receive it" in service to God.
In summary, G2134 is a rare but potent term. While it has a literal meaning of castration, its biblical significance is found in its figurative use. It illustrates a profound spiritual principle: the voluntary renunciation of a natural state, such as marriage, for the specific purpose of advancing the "kingdom of heaven" Matthew 19:12.
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