apparently from ἐρέω (compare ἐρευνάω); to interrogate; by implication, to request:--ask, beseech, desire, intreat, pray. Compare πυνθάνομαι.
Transliteration:erōtáō
Pronunciation:er-o-tah'-o
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb ἐρωτάω (erōtáō, `{{G2065}}`) carries a primary meaning of "to ask" or "to interrogate." Its etymological roots are often traced to ἐρέω (eréō, to speak, say) and bear a conceptual affinity with ἐρευνάω (ereunáō, to search, examine), underscoring the element of inquiry. Beyond mere questioning, ἐρωτάω frequently extends its semantic range to "to request," "to entreat," or "to beseech." A crucial nuance distinguishes ἐρωτάω from other Greek verbs for "asking," particularly αἰτέω (aiteō, `{{G154}}`). While αἰτέω often denotes a request from an inferior to a superior, or a demand, ἐρωτάω typically implies a request made between equals, or within a context of intimate relationship, respect, or even authority, where a positive response is anticipated. It can be an inquiry for information or an earnest appeal based on an existing bond.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The usage of ἐρωτάω in the New Testament illuminates its multifaceted meaning. It is frequently employed in the Gospels to describe various forms of questioning:
* **Seeking Information:** Individuals often "ask" Jesus questions, whether out of genuine curiosity, a desire for instruction, or a malicious intent to trap Him ([[Matthew 16:13]], [[Luke 20:3]]). Similarly, Jesus "asks" His disciples questions, often to prompt their understanding or reveal their hearts ([[Mark 8:27]]).
* **Making Requests or Entreaties:** Disciples "ask" Jesus for teaching or assistance, such as when they request to be taught how to pray ([[Luke 11:1]]). Paul uses ἐρωτάω when making an appeal or a request, as seen in his entreaty for his loyal companion ([[Philippians 4:3]]).
The most theologically profound use of ἐρωτάω is found in John's Gospel, where it consistently describes Jesus' prayers and requests to the Father. For instance, Jesus states, "I will **ask** the Father, and He will give you another Helper" ([[John 14:16]]). In His high priestly prayer, Jesus repeatedly "asks" the Father for His disciples ([[John 17:9]], [[John 17:15]], [[John 17:20]]). This specific choice of ἐρωτάω, rather than αἰτέω, emphasizes the unique, co-equal, and intimate relationship between the Father and the Son within the Trinity. It is not a humble petition from an inferior, but a confident request made within the divine fellowship, implying a certainty of fulfillment.
### Related Words & Concepts
Understanding ἐρωτάω is enhanced by comparing it with other Greek terms for "asking" or "praying":
* **αἰτέω (aiteō, `{{G154}}`):** As noted, this verb often conveys a more humble request from a subordinate to a superior, or a direct demand. While believers "ask" God using both verbs, αἰτέω is more common for general prayer requests from humanity to God, emphasizing human dependence. The distinction is not absolute, but the general tendency is clear.
* **πυνθάνομαι (punthanomai, `{{G4441}}`):** This word, mentioned in the base definition, means "to inquire," "to learn by inquiry." It strongly emphasizes the act of seeking information and gaining knowledge through questioning. While overlapping with ἐρωτάω in the sense of asking a question, πυνθάνομαι focuses more on the acquisition of facts.
* **δεόμαι (deomai, `{{G1189}}`):** Meaning "to beg," "to implore," or "to pray," this word highlights a sense of urgent need and earnest supplication.
* **παρακαλέω (parakaleō, `{{G3870}}`):** With a broad semantic range, this verb can mean "to call alongside," "to exhort," "to comfort," or "to entreat." It often carries the nuance of a strong appeal or encouragement.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of ἐρωτάω is primarily concentrated in its application to Jesus' intercessory prayer in John's Gospel. The consistent use of this term for Jesus' requests to the Father underscores several profound truths:
* **The Nature of the Trinity:** Jesus' use of ἐρωτάω highlights His divine equality and intimate relationship with the Father. He does not petition as a servant but requests as a Son, whose will is perfectly aligned with the Father's. This reveals a profound unity and co-operation within the Godhead.
* **The Efficacy of Christ's Intercession:** Because Jesus "asks" the Father from a position of divine authority and perfect union, His requests are always heard and granted. This provides immense assurance for believers, knowing that their High Priest intercedes for them with such certainty ([[Hebrews 7:25]]).
* **The Believer's Access to God:** While believers typically use αἰτέω for their prayers, Jesus' example of ἐρωτάω reveals the possibility of a confident, relational approach to God. Through Christ, believers are adopted into God's family and can approach Him as a loving Father, not merely a distant sovereign. This fosters a sense of intimate dialogue rather than mere petition.
* **Discipleship and Understanding:** The frequent use of ἐρωτάω for disciples asking Jesus questions underscores the importance of inquiry and seeking understanding in the spiritual journey. It models a posture of learning and engagement with divine truth.
### Summary
The Greek verb ἐρωτάω (erōtáō, `{{G2065}}`) signifies "to ask" or "to interrogate," extending to "to request" or "to entreat." Its distinctiveness lies in its nuance of implying a request or inquiry made between equals, or within a context of close relationship and anticipated positive response, differentiating it from the more common αἰτέω (`{{G154}}`), which often denotes a request from an inferior to a superior. The most profound theological insight derived from ἐρωτάω comes from its consistent application to Jesus' intercessory prayers to the Father in John's Gospel ([[John 14:16]], [[John 17:9]], [[John 17:15]], [[John 17:20]]). This usage powerfully reveals the unique, co-equal, and intimate relationship within the Godhead, underscoring the certainty and authority of Christ's intercession for His people. It ultimately informs a reverent yet confident approach to divine communication, rooted in the relational access granted through Christ.
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