The Greek word éris, represented by G2054, refers to a quarrel, contention, debate, strife, or variance. It appears 9 times across 9 unique verses in the Bible. This term consistently points to a state of conflict and wrangling that is contrary to a godly life.
In scripture, G2054 is almost always presented within lists of vices and sinful behaviors that believers are warned to abandon. It is identified as a work of the flesh in Galatians, alongside things like hatred and idolatry Galatians 5:20. Paul points to the presence of strife and divisions among the Corinthians as evidence that they are still carnal 1 Corinthians 3:3. The word is also used to describe the contentions within the church at Corinth reported by the house of Chloe 1 Corinthians 1:11. In his letter to the Romans, Paul lists debate as a sin of a depraved mind Romans 1:29 and warns believers to walk honestly, not in strife and envying Romans 13:13.
Several related words help clarify the nature and context of G2054:
- G2205 zēlos (envy/emulation): This word, meaning "jealousy" or "malice" in an unfavorable sense, is frequently paired with strife (Romans 13:13, 1 Corinthians 3:3). It often represents the internal motive that gives rise to external contention.
- G2052 eritheía (strife/contention): Closely related, this term for "intrigue" or "faction" appears alongside G2054 in lists of sins, highlighting a spirit of selfish ambition and partisanship (2 Corinthians 12:20, Galatians 5:20).
- G1370 dichostasía (division/sedition): Meaning "disunion" or "dissension," this is often the direct result of strife and contentions within a community 1 Corinthians 3:3.
- G2214 zḗtēsis (question): Described as "a dispute or its theme," this term is linked to contentions that are "foolish," "unprofitable and vain," and should be avoided Titus 3:9.
The theological significance of G2054 is found in its consistent portrayal as a spiritual problem.
- Indicator of Carnality: The presence of strife is a key sign of a carnal or fleshly mindset, standing in direct opposition to a life led by the Spirit (1 Corinthians 3:3, Galatians 5:20).
- Threat to Unity: Contentions and debates are depicted as destructive forces within the church, undermining fellowship and the witness of believers (1 Corinthians 1:11, 2 Corinthians 12:20).
- Source of Futility: When linked with "foolish questions" and "strifes of words," G2054 represents engagement in arguments that are spiritually empty, "unprofitable and vain," and lead away from faith (Titus 3:9, 1 Timothy 6:4).
In summary, G2054 éris is not merely a simple disagreement. It is a destructive state of quarrel and wrangling rooted in carnal motivations like envy. Scripture presents it as a serious threat to both individual spiritual health and the unity of the church, urging believers to avoid such behavior in favor of peace and godliness.
TRV