### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb ἐπιτάσσω (epitássō, `{{G2004}}`) is a compound word derived from the preposition ἐπί (epí, `{{G1909}}`), meaning "upon" or "over," and the verb τάσσω (tássō, `{{G5021}}`), meaning "to arrange," "to appoint," or "to order." The combination of these elements yields a core meaning of "to arrange upon" or "to place an order upon," which effectively translates to "to command," "to charge," or "to enjoin with authority."
The semantic range of ἐπιτάσσω extends beyond a mere suggestion or request. It denotes a definitive and authoritative directive issued by one who possesses the right or power to give such an order. This authority can be inherent (as in the case of divine power) or delegated (as in the case of apostolic instruction). The verb implies that the command is to be obeyed, and often, in the biblical context, it carries the expectation of immediate and effective compliance. It is a word of decree, not merely of advice.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The verb ἐπιτάσσω appears a limited number of times in the New Testament, but each occurrence is highly significant, primarily illustrating the nature of divine or delegated authority.
One of the most striking uses is in the Gospels, describing the authoritative commands of Jesus:
* In [[Mark 1:27]] and [[Luke 4:36]], the people are astonished at Jesus' teaching, noting "with authority he commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey him." This highlights Jesus' unique power over spiritual forces, a power that no ordinary human possessed. His word is not just persuasive, but effective, compelling demons to submit.
* Similarly, in [[Mark 4:39]] and [[Luke 8:25]], Jesus "rebuked the wind and said to the sea, 'Peace! Be still!'" and "commanded the wind and the raging waves." The immediate calming of the storm demonstrates His sovereign authority over creation, a power traditionally attributed only to God. The disciples' question, "Who then is this, that he commands even winds and water, and they obey him?" underscores the profound nature of this authority.
* In [[Mark 9:25]], Jesus "rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to it, 'You mute and deaf spirit, I command you, come out of him and never enter him again!'" This explicit command again showcases His direct and irresistible power over demonic oppression.
Beyond Jesus' divine authority, ἐπιτάσσω is also used to describe apostolic or delegated authority:
* In [[Acts 23:2]], the high priest Ananias "commanded those who stood by him to strike him on the mouth" concerning Paul. Here, the word describes an earthly, albeit corrupt, exercise of judicial authority.
* In [[Titus 2:15]], Paul instructs Titus: "Declare these things; exhort and rebuke with all authority. Let no one disregard you." While the ESV translates it as "rebuke with all authority," other translations render it as "command with all authority" (e.g., KJV, NASB), reflecting the authoritative nature of Titus's pastoral role. This indicates that church leaders, acting under Christ's authority, are to issue directives for the moral and doctrinal well-being of the congregation.
* In [[Philemon 1:8]], Paul states, "Though I might be bold enough in Christ to command you to do what is required..." This reveals Paul's awareness of his apostolic authority, though he chooses to appeal to Philemon on the basis of love rather than issuing a direct command. This nuance shows that authority, even when present, can be exercised with grace and discretion.
### Related Words & Concepts
To fully grasp ἐπιτάσσω, it is helpful to consider its relationship with other Greek terms expressing command or order:
* **Root Words:**
* ἐπί (epí, `{{G1909}}`): "upon," "over," indicating the imposition or direction of the command.
* τάσσω (tássō, `{{G5021}}`): "to arrange," "to appoint," "to order," forming the core concept of giving a directive.
* **Synonyms and Related Terms:**
* κελεύω (keleúō, `{{G2753}}`): A more general term for "to command" or "to bid," often used for a master commanding a servant or an officer a soldier. While also authoritative, it may not carry the same intensity of inherent power as ἐπιτάσσω in some contexts.
* διατάσσω (diatássō, `{{G1299}}`): "to arrange thoroughly," "to ordain," "to command." This compound often implies a detailed or systematic ordering, such as in the establishment of church ordinances or legal decrees.
* ἐντέλλομαι (entéllomai, `{{G1781}}`): "to command," "to enjoin," often with a focus on a specific task or instruction, frequently used for divine commands or Mosaic law.
* προστάσσω (prostássō, `{{G4367}}`): "to command," "to order," literally "to place before" or "to add to by command," implying a direct instruction.
* ἀποστέλλω (apostéllō, `{{G649}}`): "to send out with a commission or authority." While not a direct synonym for "command," it implies the delegation of authority to act.
The concept underlying ἐπιτάσσω is that of *authority* (ἐξουσία, exousía, `{{G1849}}`), whether divine or delegated. It is intrinsically linked to *obedience* (ὑπακοή, hypakoē, `{{G5218}}`) on the part of those receiving the command.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of ἐπιτάσσω is profound, particularly in its application to Jesus Christ.
1. **Divine Authority of Christ:** The most compelling use of ἐπιτάσσω is in describing Jesus' commands over nature and evil spirits. This unequivocally demonstrates His inherent divine power and sovereignty. He does not merely request or persuade; He commands, and His word is effective, bringing about what it declares. This aligns Him with the Yahweh of the Old Testament, who "spoke, and it came to be; he commanded, and it stood firm" ([[Psalm 33:9]]). Jesus' use of ἐπιτάσσω is a powerful Christological statement, affirming His deity and His unique place as the Son of God with all authority in heaven and on earth ([[Matthew 28:18]]).
2. **Delegated Apostolic Authority:** The use of ἐπιτάσσω in the Pauline epistles (e.g., [[Titus 2:15]], [[Philemon 1:8]]) underscores the legitimate authority entrusted to apostles and their appointed representatives (like Titus). This authority is not self-derived but is a commission from Christ to maintain order, teach sound doctrine, and guide the church in matters of faith and practice. It emphasizes the importance of submission to proper spiritual leadership within the Christian community, recognizing that such leadership acts under the ultimate authority of Christ.
3. **The Efficacy of God's Word:** The very nature of ἐπιτάσσω implies that the command is not ineffectual. When God or His authorized agents command, there is an expectation of compliance and fulfillment. This reinforces the biblical understanding of God's word as powerful, creative, and accomplishing its intended purpose ([[Isaiah 55:11]]).
### Summary
The Greek verb ἐπιτάσσω (epitássō, `{{G2004}}`) signifies to "command," "charge," or "enjoin with authority." Its etymology from ἐπί ("upon") and τάσσω ("to arrange/order") highlights the imposition of a definitive directive. In the New Testament, its usage predominantly reveals the awe-inspiring, inherent divine authority of Jesus Christ, as seen in His powerful commands over demons, winds, and waves, which are immediately and perfectly obeyed. This showcases His identity as God incarnate, whose word is effective and sovereign over all creation and spiritual forces. Furthermore, the word describes the legitimate, delegated authority of apostles and church leaders, who, empowered by Christ, issue directives for the order and well-being of the Christian community. Thus, ἐπιτάσσω is a significant term for understanding both the absolute power of God in Christ and the nature of divinely instituted authority within the church, demanding a response of obedience and reverence.
TRV