The Greek word epitagḗ, represented by G2003, denotes a commandment, decree, or authority. It is defined as "an injunction or decree; by implication, authoritativeness." Appearing just 7 times in 7 unique verses, its usage is precise, often highlighting a command of divine origin.
In scripture, G2003 is primarily used to signify a directive from God Himself. Paul's apostleship is established "by the commandment of God our Saviour" 1 Timothy 1:1, and his entrusted preaching is "according to the commandment of God" Titus 1:3. This same divine commandment is linked to making the prophetic scriptures known to all nations for the obedience of faith Romans 16:26. The word also conveys delegated authoritativeness, as when Titus is instructed to "rebuke with all authority" Titus 2:15. In contrast, Paul carefully distinguishes a divine commandment from his own apostolic counsel, stating in one instance he speaks "by permission, and not of commandment" 1 Corinthians 7:6 and in another that he gives his "judgment" where he has "no commandment of the Lord" 1 Corinthians 7:25.
Several related words help clarify the specific nature of this authoritative command:
- G4774 syngnṓmē (permission): This word, defined as a "concession," is used in direct contrast to G2003 to distinguish apostolic advice from a divine order 1 Corinthians 7:6.
- G1106 gnṓmē (judgment): Meaning "opinion... or resolve," Paul uses this term when offering his own counsel in the absence of a specific commandment G2003 from the Lord 1 Corinthians 7:25.
- G5218 hypakoḗ (obedience): As the proper response to a divine command, this term for "compliance or submission" is the goal of the commandment G2003 of God being made known to the nations Romans 16:26.
The theological weight of G2003 is demonstrated in its application:
- Source of Authority: G2003 consistently points to God as the ultimate source of command. The authority it represents is not human-derived but is rooted in the will of "the everlasting God" Romans 16:26 and "God our Saviour" Titus 1:3.
- Apostolic Mandate: The word legitimizes the work and office of the apostles. Paul's mission is not self-appointed but is a direct result of a divine commandment G2003, grounding his ministry in God's authority (1 Timothy 1:1, Titus 1:3).
- Clarity in Doctrine: Paul's careful distinction between a commandment G2003 and his own "judgment" G1106 establishes a clear hierarchy of authority for the church, separating direct divine revelation from pastoral wisdom 1 Corinthians 7:25.
- Purpose of Revelation: The commandment of God serves a specific purpose: to make the mystery of the gospel known through the scriptures, leading all nations to the "obedience of faith" Romans 16:26.
In summary, G2003 is a specific and weighty term for a divine commandment or authority. Though used sparingly, it plays a critical role in establishing the basis for apostolic ministry, the authority of God's revealed will through preaching and scripture, and the obligation for faith-based obedience. Its deliberate contrast with human counsel underscores the supreme and binding nature of a direct decree from God. It defines the unshakeable foundation upon which the church's mission and teaching are built.
TRV