### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb ἀκριβόω (G198), transliterated as *akribóō*, derives from the same root as ἀκριβέστατος (G197), meaning "most exact" or "most accurate." Its core semantic range encompasses the ideas of being exact, precise, accurate, and consequently, to ascertain something with careful diligence. The base definition "to be exact, i.e. ascertain" highlights this focus on precision. When applied to inquiry, it implies a thorough, painstaking investigation to arrive at a precise understanding or fact. It is not merely to ask, but to inquire with such care as to leave no room for ambiguity or error. The English translation "enquire diligently" captures this nuance well, emphasizing the effort and thoroughness involved in the process of gaining accurate knowledge.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The verb ἀκριβόω (G198) appears only once in the New Testament:
* **[[Matthew 2:7]]**: "Then Herod, when he had secretly called the wise men, inquired diligently of them what time the star appeared."
In this solitary occurrence, Herod's "diligent inquiry" (ἠκριβωσεν) of the Magi reveals his cunning and malevolent intent. He sought precise information about the timing of the star's appearance, not out of genuine interest in the newborn King, but to ascertain the child's age and location for the purpose of eliminating him. The word here underscores the meticulousness of Herod's investigation. His diligence is chilling, demonstrating that the act of precise inquiry, while inherently neutral, can be employed for the most nefarious ends. It highlights the profound irony that even a precise understanding of prophetic signs could be sought by those who oppose God's purposes. The thoroughness implied by ἀκριβόω contrasts sharply with the spiritual blindness of Herod himself, who, despite having access to prophetic knowledge from the chief priests and scribes ([[Matthew 2:4-6]]), chose to act in defiance of God.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of ἀκριβόω (G198) includes several closely related terms, all stemming from the same root of "exactness" or "precision":
* **ἀκριβής (G196)**: An adjective meaning "exact," "accurate," or "strict." It describes something that is precise in its nature.
* **ἀκριβῶς (G199)**: An adverb meaning "accurately" or "precisely." It describes the manner in which an action is performed, e.g., Apollos teaching "accurately" the things concerning Jesus ([[Acts 18:25]]).
* **ἀκριβέστατος (G197)**: A superlative adjective meaning "most exact" or "strictest." It is used to describe the "strictest sect" of the Pharisees, indicating their adherence to a highly precise interpretation of the Law ([[Acts 26:5]]).
Other related concepts involve the broader themes of seeking knowledge, understanding, and truth:
* **ζητέω (G2212)**: To seek, search for.
* **ἐρευνάω (G2045)**: To search, examine carefully.
* **γινώσκω (G1097)**: To know, understand.
* **ἀλήθεια (G225)**: Truth, reality.
The connection between ἀκριβόω and these terms emphasizes the importance of thoroughness and accuracy in the pursuit of knowledge, whether for good or ill.
### Theological Significance
Despite its single, seemingly negative occurrence in the New Testament, the underlying concept conveyed by ἀκριβόω (G198)—that of diligent and precise ascertainment—holds significant theological weight. While Herod employed this diligence for evil, the Bible consistently calls believers to a similar, yet spiritually aligned, thoroughness in their understanding and application of God's truth.
The precision implied by ἀκριβόω reflects the nature of God's revelation. God's prophecies are specific, His commands are clear, and His redemptive plan is meticulously unfolded. The fact that Herod needed to "enquire diligently" about the star's appearance underscores the concrete reality of God's intervention in history. Even those who oppose God's will are compelled to interact with the precise details of His unfolding plan.
For believers, the concept of diligent inquiry is vital for spiritual growth and discernment. We are called to "study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth" ([[2 Timothy 2:15]]). This "rightly dividing" implies a careful, accurate, and precise handling of Scripture, reflecting the thoroughness inherent in ἀκριβόω. Superficial understanding, careless interpretation, or a lack of diligent investigation can lead to error, false teaching, or a weak faith. The diligence Herod applied to his wicked scheme serves as a stark reminder that if even evil can be pursued with such precision, how much more should believers pursue truth and righteousness with earnest and exact devotion.
### Summary
The Greek word ἀκριβόω (G198) signifies the act of inquiring or ascertaining something with meticulous exactness and diligence. Although it appears only once in the New Testament, in [[Matthew 2:7]], where King Herod uses it to describe his cunning and precise investigation into the timing of the star's appearance for malicious purposes, its core meaning remains profound. This single usage highlights the neutrality of the word itself—diligence can be applied to both good and evil ends. However, the broader semantic field of "accuracy" and "precision," represented by related words like ἀκριβῶς (G199) and ἀκριβέστατος (G197), underscores a crucial theological principle: the importance of diligent, accurate, and precise understanding of God's Word and will. While Herod's inquiry was for destruction, believers are called to a similar level of thoroughness in seeking and applying divine truth, ensuring that their knowledge is not superficial but exact and well-grounded.
TRV