from ἐπί and πλήσσω; to chastise, i.e. (with words) to upbraid:--rebuke.
Transliteration:epiplḗssō
Pronunciation:ep-ee-place'-so
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb `{{G1969}}` (epiplḗssō) is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐπί (epi), meaning "upon" or "against," and the verb πλήσσω (plḗssō), meaning "to strike" or "to smite." The literal sense of "striking upon" is metaphorically applied to verbal communication, yielding the core meaning of a sharp verbal assault or reproof. As defined, it signifies "to chastise" or "to upbraid" with words, leading to the English translation "rebuke." The semantic range thus encompasses a forceful and often severe form of verbal correction, implying a strong expression of disapproval or censure. It suggests a direct and unreserved confrontation, carrying a connotation of severity that distinguishes it from gentler forms of admonition.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The verb `{{G1969}}` occurs only once in the New Testament, in Paul's first letter to Timothy:
* **[[1 Timothy 5:1]]**: "Do not sharply rebuke an older man but encourage him as you would a father, younger men as brothers."
In this sole instance, Paul instructs Timothy, a young pastor, on how to interact with various members of the church community. The command "Do not sharply rebuke" (μὴ ἐπιπλήξῃς) an older man is particularly significant. The context emphasizes respect for age and the importance of relational sensitivity in pastoral leadership. Instead of a harsh or confrontational rebuke, Timothy is exhorted to approach older men with the respect due to a father, using encouragement and gentle persuasion. This specific prohibition against epiplḗssō highlights its severe nature, implying that such an approach would be inappropriate and counterproductive when dealing with an elder, potentially causing offense or undermining the relationship. The verse underscores the need for discernment and a spirit of honor in administering correction within the church body.
### Related Words & Concepts
To fully appreciate the nuance of `{{G1969}}`, it is helpful to compare it with other Greek words related to correction, admonition, and rebuke:
* `{{G2008}}` (elénchō): This verb means "to convict," "to reprove," or "to expose." It often implies a rebuke that aims to bring a person to a realization of their fault, with a view toward repentance or conviction. While it can be strong, its primary focus is on bringing truth to light.
* `{{G3559}}` (nouthetéō): This word signifies "to admonish," "to warn," or "to instruct." It carries the sense of gently putting something into someone's mind, often with a view to their improvement or safety. It is generally less confrontational and more focused on guidance than epiplḗssō.
* `{{G2009}}` (élenchos): The noun form of elénchō, meaning "proof," "conviction," or "rebuke."
* `{{G2006}}` (epitímēsis): A noun meaning "rebuke" or "censure," often implying a formal or authoritative reprimand. The related verb `{{G2007}}` (epitimáō) is used frequently for Jesus's rebukes of demons or Peter.
Compared to these, `{{G1969}}` (epiplḗssō) appears to denote a particularly sharp, forceful, and potentially harsh verbal chastisement. While elénchō focuses on conviction and nouthetéō on gentle warning, epiplḗssō seems to emphasize the *act* of strong, perhaps even aggressive, verbal reproof itself, which Paul advises against in the context of respecting elders.
### Theological Significance
The singular appearance of `{{G1969}}` in [[1 Timothy 5:1]] carries profound theological significance for pastoral care and intra-community relationships. It serves as a specific injunction against a particular manner of correction, highlighting that even when correction is necessary, its delivery must be tempered by wisdom, love, and respect.
1. **Pastoral Sensitivity**: The verse underscores the importance of a pastor's sensitivity and discernment in dealing with different age groups and positions within the church. Not all situations warrant the same approach.
2. **Respect for Elders**: It emphasizes the high regard and honor due to older members of the community, reflecting a broader biblical principle of respecting age and experience (e.g., [[Leviticus 19:32]]).
3. **Nature of Christian Correction**: While the New Testament affirms the need for correction and discipline (e.g., [[Matthew 18:15-17]], [[Galatians 6:1]]), epiplḗssō illustrates that there are methods of correction that are inappropriate for certain contexts or relationships. Christian correction should ideally be redemptive, restorative, and delivered in a spirit of love and humility, not with harshness or disrespect.
4. **Love and Edification**: The prohibition against epiplḗssō aligns with the overarching New Testament emphasis on building up (edification) rather than tearing down, fostering unity, and maintaining relational harmony within the body of Christ.
### Summary
`{{G1969}}` (epiplḗssō) is a Greek verb meaning "to sharply rebuke" or "to chastise with words," derived from the concept of "striking upon." Its sole New Testament occurrence in [[1 Timothy 5:1]] provides a crucial insight into the nature of pastoral leadership and Christian community. Paul instructs Timothy not to use this severe form of verbal correction when addressing an older man, advocating instead for a respectful and encouraging approach, as one would a father. This specific prohibition highlights that while correction is a necessary aspect of church life, its manner of delivery is paramount. It underscores the theological imperative for leaders to exercise discernment, respect, and love in all their interactions, especially when administering discipline or challenging behavior, prioritizing relational health and spiritual edification over abrasive confrontation.
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