The Greek word epikalýptō, represented by G1943, means to conceal or, in a figurative sense, to forgive by providing a cover. Based on the root words ἐπί (upon) and καλύπτω (to cover), its theological meaning is deeply tied to this imagery. It appears only 1 time in 1 unique verse in the Bible, making its sole appearance highly significant.
The single use of G1943 is found in Romans 4:7, which states, "Saying, Blessed are they whose iniquities are forgiven, and whose sins are covered." In this context, the act of "covering" is presented as a component of divine forgiveness and a source of profound blessing. It is paired directly with the concept of sins being "forgiven," suggesting that God's remedy for sin is twofold: it is both sent away and concealed from view.
Several related words from its context help illuminate the meaning of G1943:
- G863 aphíēmi: This word means to forgive or send forth. Its use alongside "covered" in Romans 4:7 creates a parallel, showing the comprehensive nature of God's grace. This same word is used by Jesus on the cross: "Father, forgive them" Luke 23:34.
- G266 hamartía: This term for sin or offence is what is being "covered" by the action of G1943. The gravity of what is covered is highlighted by the fact that "the wages of sin is death" Romans 6:23.
- G458 anomía: Meaning iniquity or violation of law, this is also dealt with in the same verse Romans 4:7. The connection is made clear elsewhere, stating that "sin is the transgression of the law" 1 John 3:4.
- G3107 makários: Meaning supremely blest or happy, this word describes the state of the one whose sins are covered. It is the very first word in Romans 4:7, establishing the outcome of forgiveness.
The theological weight of G1943 is significant despite its rarity. It illustrates key truths about salvation.
- The State of the Forgiven: The immediate result of having sins covered is being blessed G3107. This is not merely an absence of guilt but a positive state of being fortunate and well off in God's sight Romans 4:7.
- Completeness of Grace: By pairing the "covering" of sins G266 with the forgiving of iniquities G458, the text emphasizes how completely God deals with transgression. This is echoed in God's promise that "their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more" Hebrews 8:12.
- Figurative Concealment: The idea of a "cover" implies that sin is hidden from God's sight. This figurative action is accomplished for the believer, as Christ "his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree" 1 Peter 2:24, effectively removing them.
In summary, epikalýptō G1943 provides a powerful and specific image for the act of forgiveness. Though appearing only once, its placement in scripture defines a crucial aspect of God's grace. It teaches that for those who are blessed, sin is not only forgiven but is also fully covered, demonstrating the thoroughness of God's redemptive work.
TRV