### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **epigraphḗ**, represented by `{{G1923}}`, is derived from ἐπιγράφω and refers to an **inscription** or **superscription**. It appears **5 times** across **5 unique verses** in the Bible. This term is used to denote a formal, identifying text written on an object.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The use of `{{G1923}}` occurs in two specific contexts. First, it is used when Jesus discusses a Roman coin. He asks the Pharisees and others, "Whose is this image and **superscription**?" to establish the coin's connection to Caesar's authority ([[Matthew 22:20]], [[Mark 12:16]], [[Luke 20:24]]). Second, it describes the sign placed over Jesus on the cross, referred to as "the **superscription** of his accusation" which identified him as "THE KING OF THE JEWS" [[Mark 15:26]]. This inscription was notably written in Greek, Latin, and Hebrew [[Luke 23:38]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning and context of an inscription:
* `{{G1924}}` **epigráphō** (to inscribe): This is the root verb from which `{{G1923}}` is derived. It means to write something on a surface. It is used directly in the account of the crucifixion, stating the superscription was **written over** Jesus [[Mark 15:26]].
* `{{G1504}}` **eikṓn** (image): This word for a likeness or representation is used in conjunction with `{{G1923}}` in the accounts of the coin. Jesus asks whose **image** and superscription it bears [[Mark 12:16]].
* `{{G156}}` **aitía** (accusation, cause, crime): This term is used to describe the legal reason for the inscription on the cross. The sign is explicitly called "the superscription of his **accusation**" [[Mark 15:26]].
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{G1923}}` lies in its function as a mark of authority and identity.
* **Civil Authority:** On a coin, the **superscription** works with the image to establish the issuing authority and its domain of power. It is a mark of earthly governance and ownership [[Luke 20:24]].
* **Public Proclamation:** The **superscription** on the cross serves as a public, official declaration. It was the formal charge against Jesus, intended to be seen and understood by a diverse audience, as evidenced by its being written in three languages [[Luke 23:38]].
* **Formal Identity:** In both contexts, the **superscription** is not a casual label but a formal identifier. Whether for Caesar on a coin or for Christ on the cross, the inscription definitively assigns an identity and status [[Mark 15:26]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1923}}` is a specific term for an official inscription that carries legal or authoritative weight. Through its use in describing the text on a coin and the sign on the cross, the word **epigraphḗ** underscores how written declarations were used to publicly establish identity, ownership, and the basis for legal judgment within the biblical world.
TRV