### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term ἐξοχή (exochḗ, `{{G1851}}`) is derived from a compound of ἐκ (ek, "out of" or "from") and ἔχω (echō, "to have" or "to hold"). This etymological root suggests a literal meaning of "standing out" or "projecting." Figuratively, as indicated by its base definition, it denotes "prominence," "distinction," or "superiority." It describes a state or position of eminence, often implying a leading or principal role. The English translation "principal" accurately captures this sense of being foremost or chief among others, particularly in terms of social standing, influence, or authority.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term ἐξοχή (exochḗ, `{{G1851}}`) is notably rare in the New Testament, appearing only once. Its singular occurrence is found in the book of Acts:
* **[[Acts 25:23]]**: "So the next day Agrippa and Bernice came with great pomp and entered the audience hall with the commanders and the prominent men (ἐξοχαῖς) of the city. At Festus's command Paul was brought in."
In this context, the word ἐξοχαῖς (exochais), the dative plural form of ἐξοχή, refers to the "prominent men" or "leading citizens" of Caesarea. These individuals, alongside King Agrippa, Bernice, and the military commanders, constituted the most influential and respected figures in the city. Their presence underscored the gravity and official nature of the hearing for Paul. The scene is one of considerable worldly display and authority, with the ἐξοχαῖς representing the pinnacle of local social and political influence. Their inclusion emphasizes that Paul's testimony was delivered not in a private setting, but before the most distinguished members of society, highlighting the public and significant nature of his defense.
### Related Words & Concepts
To fully appreciate ἐξοχή (exochḗ, `{{G1851}}`), it is helpful to consider related Greek terms and concepts that convey notions of authority, leadership, and social standing:
* ἄρχων (archōn, `{{G758}}`): A ruler, chief, or magistrate. This term often denotes a person holding a position of power or authority.
* πρωτεύω (proteuō, `{{G4409}}`): To be first, to have preeminence. This verb emphasizes being foremost in rank, influence, or importance.
* δύναμις (dynamis, `{{G1411}}`): Power, ability, or influence. While broader, it can certainly describe the capacity for prominence.
* τιμή (timē, `{{G5092}}`): Honor, value, or respect. Prominence often correlates with the honor bestowed upon an individual.
* ἔνδοξος (endoxos, `{{G1741}}`): Glorious, splendid, or eminent. This adjective can describe individuals of high repute.
These terms collectively paint a picture of the hierarchical structures and social distinctions prevalent in the ancient world, within which ἐξοχή describes a specific kind of elevated status.
### Theological Significance
While ἐξοχή (exochḗ, `{{G1851}}`) primarily describes human social standing and does not inherently carry a deep theological meaning, its singular occurrence in [[Acts 25:23]] holds significant implications for the narrative of God's providential work. The fact that Paul, a prisoner for the Gospel, is brought before individuals of such ἐξοχή—kings, commanders, and the city's principal men—is not coincidental.
This event fulfills prophecies regarding the spread of the Gospel to all strata of society, including those in positions of power (e.g., [[Matthew 10:18]], [[Acts 9:15]]). God orchestrates circumstances such that His message is proclaimed not only to the common people but also to those who wield earthly authority and possess significant social standing. The presence of these "prominent men" underscores the gravity and public nature of Paul's testimony, ensuring that the Gospel is heard by those who could influence public opinion or policy.
The scene also highlights a profound contrast: Paul, though a prisoner, stands with divine authority and conviction, testifying to the truth of Christ, while those of worldly ἐξοχή sit in judgment. The true power and ultimate prominence reside not in human titles or social status, but in the divine message of salvation that Paul embodies. God's plan is to make His name known among all, regardless of their earthly distinction, demonstrating the universal reach and transformative power of the Gospel.
### Summary
The Greek term ἐξοχή (exochḗ, `{{G1851}}`) signifies "prominence" or "distinction," stemming from its root meaning of "standing out." Its sole New Testament appearance in [[Acts 25:23]] describes the "prominent men" or "leading citizens" of Caesarea who attended Paul's hearing before Festus and Agrippa. This usage highlights their elevated social standing and influence within the community. Theologically, the presence of these individuals of ἐξοχή at Paul's trial underscores God's providential plan to proclaim the Gospel to all people, including those in positions of earthly authority. It serves as a powerful reminder that the divine message transcends human distinctions, bringing spiritual authority to bear even upon those who possess the greatest worldly prominence.
TRV