from ἐν and ἄρχομαι; to commence on:--rule (by mistake for ἄρχω).
Transliteration:enárchomai
Pronunciation:en-ar'-khom-ahee
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek verb G1728 *enárchomai* is a compound word formed from the preposition ἐν (en), meaning "in" or "on," and the verb ἄρχομαι (archomai), meaning "to begin" or "to commence." Thus, its core meaning is "to begin," "to make a start," or "to commence upon something." The prefix ἐν can intensify the action or indicate the sphere in which the beginning takes place. It emphasizes the initial act of starting an endeavor or process. It is crucial to distinguish *enárchomai* from the related verb ἄρχω (archō), `{{G757}}` which means "to rule" or "to be first." The Strong's definition explicitly notes that "rule" is a mistaken understanding for *enárchomai*, reaffirming its sole focus on the concept of initiation, not dominion. The verb often appears in the aorist tense, highlighting the decisive, completed act of beginning.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
*Enárchomai* appears twice in the New Testament, both times carrying significant theological weight.
1. **Galatians 3:3**: "Having begun by the Spirit, are you now being perfected by the flesh?" [[Galatians 3:3]]
In this rhetorical question, Paul challenges the Galatian believers, who had initially embraced the Gospel through the power of the Holy Spirit, but were now attempting to achieve spiritual maturity or "perfection" through adherence to the Law and human effort (the "flesh"). The verb *enárchomai* (specifically the aorist participle ἐναρξάμενοι) underscores the foundational and originating role of the Spirit in their Christian experience. Their spiritual journey was initiated by divine power, not human striving. The contrast is stark: the Spirit *began* the work, and it is illogical to assume the flesh can *complete* it.
2. **Philippians 1:6**: "being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus." [[Philippians 1:6]]
Here, Paul expresses his profound assurance concerning the Philippian believers. The phrase "he who began" (ὁ ἐναρξάμενος) refers unequivocally to God. God is the divine initiator of the "good work" (ἔργον ἀγαθόν) in the lives of believers, which encompasses their conversion, sanctification, and ultimate glorification. This verse highlights God's faithfulness and perseverance in His redemptive work. The same divine power that commenced the work is pledged to bring it to its glorious consummation. The "good work" is not merely external service but the internal transformation and spiritual growth within the believer.
### Related Words & Concepts
* **ἄρχομαι (archomai) `{{G756}}`**: The base verb from which *enárchomai* is derived, meaning "to begin." The addition of the ἐν prefix in *enárchomai* can emphasize the internal or definite nature of the commencement, or simply intensify the action.
* **ἄρχω (archō) `{{G757}}`**: "To rule," "to govern." As noted, this verb is distinct from *enárchomai*, and the two should not be confused. The focus of *enárchomai* is exclusively on initiation, not authority.
* **τελέω (teleō) `{{G5055}}` / ἐπιτελέω (epiteleō) `{{G2005}}`**: These verbs mean "to complete," "to finish," or "to bring to an end." They stand in direct semantic contrast to *enárchomai* in both [[Galatians 3:3]] and [[Philippians 1:6]], highlighting the progression from beginning to completion.
* **Concepts**: Divine initiative, regeneration, sanctification, perseverance of the saints, the work of the Holy Spirit, assurance of salvation.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of *enárchomai* is profound, particularly in its New Testament occurrences. It consistently points to God as the primary agent and initiator of salvation and the Christian life.
1. **Divine Initiative in Salvation**: Both [[Galatians 3:3]] and [[Philippians 1:6]] underscore that the "good work" of salvation and spiritual life is not a human undertaking but a divine one. God is the one who "begins" it. This emphasizes grace and God's sovereign election, as He is the one who calls, regenerates, and indwells.
2. **The Spirit's Role in Regeneration**: In Galatians, the beginning of the Christian life is explicitly tied to the Holy Spirit. This highlights the Spirit's essential role in imparting new life and empowering believers, contrasting sharply with any reliance on human effort or legalistic adherence.
3. **Assurance and Perseverance**: The use of *enárchomai* in [[Philippians 1:6]] provides a powerful foundation for the believer's assurance. If God Himself has begun the work, His faithfulness guarantees its completion. This speaks to the doctrine of the perseverance of the saints, not as a result of human strength, but as a testament to God's unwavering commitment to His people. It fosters confidence in God's ability and willingness to bring His purposes to fruition in the lives of believers.
4. **Critique of Legalism**: In Galatians, *enárchomai* serves as a rhetorical tool to expose the folly of attempting to complete by human means what God began by His Spirit. It is a strong theological argument against legalism and self-effort in the pursuit of spiritual maturity.
### Summary
The Greek verb *enárchomai* `{{G1728}}` signifies "to begin" or "to commence." Its two New Testament occurrences, in [[Galatians 3:3]] and [[Philippians 1:6]], are critically important for understanding the nature of the Christian life. It consistently emphasizes God as the divine initiator of the "good work" of salvation and spiritual transformation, a work begun by the Holy Spirit. This word undergirds the doctrines of divine grace, the Spirit's essential role in regeneration, and the assurance of God's faithfulness to complete what He has started in believers. It stands in direct contrast to human effort as a means of achieving spiritual maturity, and it must be carefully distinguished from verbs meaning "to rule."
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