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G1651

ἐλέγχω

elénchō /el-eng'-kho/ Ask about this word
of uncertain affinity
to confute, admonish
convict, convince, tell a fault, rebuke, reprove.

Word Study

In depth

A plain-language study of elénchō — the range of meaning it carries, how Scripture actually uses it, and where it points. Written for readers who don’t know the original language.

Core Meaning & Semantic Range

The Greek word elénchō, represented by G1651, carries the meaning of to confute, admonish, convict, convince, tell a fault, rebuke, or reprove. It appears 18 times across 17 unique verses in the Bible. This term is not merely about scolding but involves exposing a truth, often with the aim of correction or conviction.

Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis

In scripture, G1651 is applied in various significant contexts. It describes the private, restorative process of confronting a brother who has trespassed in order to gain him back Matthew 18:15. It is also a key function of the Holy Spirit, who will reprove the world of sin, righteousness, and judgment John 16:8. The word is used to describe how the law convinces people of their status as transgressors when they show partiality James 2:9. Furthermore, it is a tool for church leaders to convince those who contradict sound doctrine Titus 1:9 and a command for believers to reprove the unfruitful works of darkness rather than having fellowship with them Ephesians 5:11.

Related Words & Concepts

Several related words help clarify the full scope of G1651:

  • G2008 epitimáō (rebuke): This word means to censure or admonish and is often used alongside G1651. In the charge to Timothy, he is told to reprove, rebuke, and exhort 2 Timothy 4:2.
  • G3870 parakaléō (exhort): Meaning to call near, invite, or give exhortation, this term often appears with G1651 to balance correction with encouragement, as seen in the instruction to exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine 2 Timothy 4:2.
  • G5319 phaneróō (make manifest): This term means to render apparent. It is linked directly to reproof, as scripture explains that all things that are reproved are made manifest by the light Ephesians 5:13.
  • G266 hamartía (sin): This word for sin is frequently the object of the action of G1651. Jesus challenges his accusers, "Which of you convinceth me of sin?" John 8:46, and the Holy Spirit's work is to reprove the world of sin John 16:8.

Theological Significance

The theological weight of G1651 is demonstrated in its role in divine and human relationships.

  • Divine Chastening: The act of rebuking is presented as an expression of God's love for His children. The Lord says, "As many as I love, I rebuke and chasten" Revelation 3:19, a sentiment echoed in the exhortation not to faint when "rebuked of him" Hebrews 12:5.
  • Exposure of Evil: A core function of G1651 is to expose what is wrong. Those who do evil hate the light, fearing their deeds will be reproved John 3:20. This highlights the conflict between light and darkness, where reproof is an agent of the light.
  • Maintaining Church Purity: The term is a vital instruction for church health. Leaders are to rebuke those who sin before all, so that others may fear 1 Timothy 5:20. This is to be done with all authority Titus 2:15 and at times sharply, so that people may be sound in the faith Titus 1:13.
  • The Work of the Holy Spirit: The conviction of sin in the world is a primary ministry of the Holy Spirit. His coming means He will reprove the world concerning sin, righteousness, and judgment, making this a foundational concept in the doctrine of salvation John 16:8.

Summary

In summary, G1651 is a multifaceted term that is crucial for understanding biblical concepts of correction, conviction, and righteousness. Its use ranges from the intimate act of restoring a brother to the universal work of the Holy Spirit. It functions not as a means of condemnation but as an instrument of light to expose error, of love to chasten and correct, and of authority to preserve the truth, ultimately aiming for repentance and restoration.

How the KJV Renders It

Translation

Strong’s lists the renderings but not their weight. These are counted from the King James text of the tagged verses — the bar under each is how often the translators actually reached for it. Select one to filter the occurrences below.

Grammatical Forms

Morphology

In the Greek New Testament, this word appears as a verb across 19 occurrences, inflected in 13 grammatical forms — each row is one form, and the bar is how often it is that form. Select any form to read what each part of its name means, and to filter the occurrence list to it. These are this word’s own inflections, not words built from it — for those, see Related Words.

  • ἔλεγχε
  • ἔλεγξον
  • ἐλέγχετε·
  • ἐλεγχόμενοι
  • ἐλεγχόμενος
  • ἐλέγξαι
  • ἐλεγχθῇ
  • ἐλέγξει
  • ἐλέγχω
  • ἐλέγχει
  • ἐλέγχειν
  • ἐλέγχεται
  • ἐλεγχόμενα

Related Words

Related

2 entries in Strong’s name this word as their origin. These are its derivatives — a different relationship from the inflected forms above, which are this same word bent by grammar.

Other entries the study above points to — each one is drawn from a reference it makes. Follow the trail to see how the words connect.

Theographic Context

Context

The people, places, and span of history the verses containing this word touch on — drawn from the theographic tagging of Scripture. Select any name to isolate its verses in the occurrence list.

Biblical Distribution

Distribution

Appears in 17 verses across 11 of the 27 books. Most frequent in John (4 verses); never once in the other 16.

1
Matthew
1
Luke
4
John
1
1 Corinthians
2
Ephesians
1
1 Timothy
1
2 Timothy
3
Titus
1
Hebrews
1
James
1
Revelation

Every Occurrence

Concordance

Every verse where the word is tagged in the King James text. Filter by book, by the English word the translators chose, by grammatical form, or search within the verses.

Sources. Definition and numbering: James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890). Morphology: STEPBible / Tyndale House (CC BY). Verse tagging: the King James text keyed to Strong’s numbers. Every count on this page is computed from the tagged corpus, not estimated.