from the base of ἑδραῖος; a basis (bottom), i.e. the soil:--ground.
Transliteration:édaphos
Pronunciation:ed'-af-os
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek term ἔδαφος (édaphos, `{{G1475}}`) is derived from the base of ἑδραῖος (hedraios, `{{G1476}}`), which signifies "firm," "steadfast," or "seated." This etymological connection provides insight into the core meaning of ἔδαφος, pointing to something stable, fixed, or foundational. Its primary definition is "ground" or "soil," referring to the solid surface of the earth. It can also convey the sense of a "basis" or "bottom," emphasizing its role as a supporting layer or the lowest part of something. In its most common usage, ἔδαφος denotes the physical earth or the very soil beneath one's feet, highlighting its tangible and foundational nature.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term ἔδαφος (édaphos, `{{G1475}}`) appears only once in the New Testament, in a highly significant narrative:
* [[Acts 22:7]]: "And I fell to the ground (ἔδαφος) and heard a voice saying to me, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?’"
This verse recounts Paul's (then Saul's) personal testimony of his dramatic conversion experience on the road to Damascus. The use of ἔδαφος here is intensely literal: Saul is physically thrown down onto the ground by the overwhelming light and the voice of the risen Christ. The context emphasizes the immediate, physical reality of his prostration, signifying a sudden and undeniable divine intervention that completely overwhelms him. The "ground" in this instance is not merely a backdrop but the tangible surface that receives his body, underscoring the profound and physical impact of this transformative encounter. It highlights the sudden, undeniable force of God's revelation.
### Related Words & Concepts
While ἔδαφος (édaphos, `{{G1475}}`) specifically denotes the "ground" or "soil," it exists within a semantic field of related Greek terms concerning the earth and foundations:
* γῆ (gē, `{{G1093}}`): This is the most prevalent Greek word for "earth," "land," or "soil." Its semantic range is much broader than ἔδαφος, encompassing the planet itself, a specific geographical region, or the material substance of the ground. ἔδαφος is more specific, often emphasizing the immediate surface upon which one stands or falls.
* χώρα (chōra, `{{G5561}}`): Refers to a "region," "country," or "land," typically with an emphasis on its geographical expanse or territory.
* θεμέλιος (themelios, `{{G2310}}`): Signifies a "foundation" or "base," frequently used metaphorically for the fundamental principles of a teaching or the structural basis of a building. While ἔδαφος can imply a "basis" in its etymology, θεμέλιος explicitly carries the architectural and abstract weight of a foundation. ἔδαφος is the literal ground, which can serve as a θεμέλιος.
In [[Acts 22:7]], the specific choice of ἔδαφος over γῆ likely serves to emphasize the direct, tangible surface that Saul encountered, rather than the broader concept of the earth. It focuses on the precise spot, the very soil, that became the physical locus of his divine encounter.
### Theological Significance
The singular occurrence of ἔδαφος (édaphos, `{{G1475}}`) in [[Acts 22:7]] carries profound theological weight due to its association with one of the most pivotal events in biblical history: Saul's conversion.
1. **Humiliation and Submission:** Falling to the ground is a universal symbol of humiliation, submission, or incapacitation in the face of overwhelming power. For Saul, a zealous persecutor of the nascent Christian movement, this physical prostration signifies the radical shattering of his self-righteousness and the beginning of his absolute submission to the authority of Christ. It is a posture of utter helplessness before divine majesty.
2. **Divine Intervention and Transformation:** The ἔδαφος becomes the literal stage for a profound spiritual transformation. The encounter with the Lord, which causes Saul to fall to the ground, marks the end of his old life as a persecutor and the inception of his new identity as Paul, the apostle to the Gentiles. The physical fall facilitates a spiritual rising.
3. **Reality of Encounter:** The use of ἔδαφος grounds the supernatural encounter in a tangible, physical reality. It underscores that the divine revelation to Saul was not a mere vision or an internal experience, but an actual, forceful intervention that had immediate physical consequences. This choice of word lends credibility and weight to the narrative of his conversion, emphasizing the objective reality of God's direct interaction with humanity.
While ἔδαφος itself primarily conveys a literal meaning, its contextual placement within this foundational conversion narrative imbues it with profound significance as the literal point of contact between divine power and human resistance, leading to radical surrender and new life.
### Summary
The Greek word ἔδαφος (édaphos, `{{G1475}}`) denotes "ground" or "soil," deriving from a root that suggests firmness and stability. Its sole New Testament appearance in [[Acts 22:7]] vividly describes Saul's physical fall to the ἔδαφος during his encounter with the risen Christ. This literal usage underscores the tangible and forceful nature of the divine intervention, symbolizing Saul's immediate humiliation, submission, and the dramatic initiation of his transformative journey. Distinct from broader terms like γῆ (earth) or θεμέλιος (foundation), ἔδαφος in this context serves as the crucial physical locus for a pivotal moment of divine revelation and human surrender, highlighting the reality and profound impact of God's sovereign call.
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