### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **dōreán**, represented by `{{G1432}}`, is an adverb meaning **gratuitously**. It appears **9 times** across **8 unique verses** in the Bible. It conveys concepts of things being done **freely**, **without a cause**, **for naught**, or **in vain**.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G1432}}` is used to describe the nature of God's divine gifts and the required conduct of ministry. God offers the water of life **freely** to the thirsty [[Revelation 21:6]], and believers are justified **freely** by His grace through redemption [[Romans 3:24]]. This principle extends to service, as Jesus commanded his disciples, "**freely** ye have received, **freely** give" [[Matthew 10:8]]. The word is also used to mean "without a cause" or "in vain," such as when describing the unjustified hatred toward Christ [[John 15:25]] or arguing that if righteousness came by the law, then Christ died **in vain** [[Galatians 2:21]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the concept of a free gift:
* `{{G1325}}` **dídōmi** (to give): This verb is often paired with `{{G1432}}` to show the action of a free gift. Jesus commands his disciples to "**freely** give" what they have received [[Matthew 10:8]], reflecting how God **gave** His only Son for the world [[John 3:16]].
* `{{G5485}}` **cháris** (graciousness... grace): This term is intrinsically linked to `{{G1432}}`, as God's gifts are given freely because of His grace. Believers are justified **freely** by his **grace** [[Romans 3:24]].
* `{{G629}}` **apolýtrōsis** ((the act) ransom in full... redemption): This defines the mechanism through which God's free gift is provided. Justification comes **freely** `{{G1432}}` through the **redemption** that is in Christ Jesus [[Romans 3:24]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G1432}}` is significant in understanding core Christian doctrines.
* **Unmerited Justification:** The word is central to the doctrine of salvation by grace. Believers are justified **freely** `{{G1432}}`, not through works of the law but through the **redemption** `{{G629}}` found in Christ [[Romans 3:24]]. If righteousness could be earned, Christ's death would be **in vain** `{{G1432}}` [[Galatians 2:21]].
* **The Principle of Gospel Ministry:** `{{G1432}}` establishes a pattern for Christian service. Having received God's gifts **freely**, believers are commanded to minister to others in the same spirit, without charge [[Matthew 10:8]]. Paul exemplified this by preaching the **gospel** `{{G2098}}` of God **freely** [[2 Corinthians 11:7]].
* **Causeless Opposition:** In a contrasting theological context, `{{G1432}}` describes groundless animosity toward God. Jesus notes the fulfillment of prophecy that "They hated me **without a cause**" [[John 15:25]], underscoring the unprovoked nature of the world's rejection of Him.
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1432}}` is more than a simple adverb. It defines the very essence of God's relationship with humanity, highlighting that salvation and the water of life are gifts given **freely** [[Revelation 22:17]]. From a command for ministry to a descriptor of Christ's causeless suffering, **dōreán** establishes that the most profound spiritual realities are not earned by labor but are received gratuitously by grace.
TRV