The Greek word dochḗ, represented by G1403, refers to a reception or convivial entertainment, translated as feast. Derived from δέχομαι, it is a specific term that appears only 2 times in 2 unique verses in the Bible, yet both occurrences are notable for their instructional context.
The two uses of G1403 highlight different aspects of hospitality. In the first instance, Levi G3018 the publican made G4160 a great G3173 feast in his own house G3614 for Jesus. This event was attended by a "great company of publicans" and others G243, demonstrating fellowship with those on the margins of society Luke 5:29. In the second instance, Jesus uses the concept of a feast to teach a lesson on true charity, instructing that when one gives a feast, they should call G2564 the poor G4434, the maimed G376, the lame G5560, and the blind G5185 Luke 14:13.
Several related words clarify the meaning and context surrounding a G1403 feast:
- G4160 poiéō (to make or do): This verb is used in both verses to describe the action of preparing or holding a feast (Luke 5:29, Luke 14:13).
- G2564 kaléō (to "call"): This term emphasizes the act of invitation, which is central to the instruction about whom to invite to a feast Luke 14:13.
- G3173 mégas (great): This adjective describes the scale of Levi's feast, highlighting its significance as a large social gathering Luke 5:29.
- G4434 ptōchós (poor): This word identifies the specific class of people Jesus instructs should be invited, shifting the focus of hospitality from social gain to charity Luke 14:13.
The theological weight of G1403 is found in the context of its use, illustrating a radical new approach to social and spiritual inclusion.
- Fellowship with the Outsider: The feast given by Levi G3018, a publican G5057, for Jesus was attended by a "great company of publicans" and others G243, demonstrating an extension of fellowship to those typically viewed as sinners Luke 5:29.
- A New Model for Hospitality: In Luke 14:13, the concept of a G1403 feast is transformed from a social obligation into an act of grace. The instruction is to call G2564 the poor G4434, maimed G376, lame G5560, and blind G5185, those who cannot reciprocate.
- Symbol of Kingdom Invitation: This act of hosting a feast for the lowly mirrors the broader theme of God's call. Jesus stated he came to call G2564 sinners, not the righteous Matthew 9:13, and declared the poor G4434 in spirit blessed, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven Matthew 5:3.
In summary, dochḗ G1403 moves beyond a simple definition of a feast. Though used sparingly, its scriptural appearances provide a profound framework for Christian hospitality. It redefines a reception not as an event for the socially prominent, but as an opportunity to extend grace and fellowship to the marginalized and needy, reflecting the inclusive nature of God's kingdom.
TRV