from δοκέω; properly, acceptable (current after assayal), i.e. approved:--approved, tried.
Transliteration:dókimos
Pronunciation:dok'-ee-mos
Detailed Word Study
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### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek adjective δόκιμος (dókimos), Strong's number `{{G1384}}`, derives from the verb δοκέω (dokeō), meaning "to seem," "to think," or "to suppose." However, in its adjectival form, δόκιμος transcends mere appearance, signifying something that has been *tested* and *proven* to be genuine, reliable, and therefore "approved" or "acceptable." The underlying semantic range evokes the imagery of assaying metals, where gold or silver is put through fire to prove its purity. Thus, δόκιμος describes that which has successfully passed the test, demonstrating its intrinsic worth and fitness for purpose. It implies a quality that is not merely perceived but has been verified through scrutiny or trial.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The term δόκιμος appears seven times in the New Testament, consistently carrying the weight of being "tested and approved."
In [[Romans 14:18]], Paul writes that "whoever serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God and approved by men." Here, δόκιμος refers to the believer whose conduct, particularly in matters of conscience and Christian liberty, is found to be sound and commendable, not only in God's sight but also in the eyes of fellow believers.
[[Romans 16:10]] mentions "Apelles, who is approved in Christ." This brief commendation suggests that Apelles had demonstrated a tested and proven faithfulness or character within his service to Christ, distinguishing him as one whose commitment was genuine.
A crucial passage is [[2 Corinthians 10:18]]: "For it is not the one who commends himself who is approved, but the one whom the Lord commends." This verse directly contrasts human self-commendation with divine approval. True δόκιμος status comes from God's assessment, not from self-proclamation or human flattery. It underscores that ultimate validation rests with the Lord, who sees the heart and tests the motives.
Perhaps the most well-known occurrence is [[2 Timothy 2:15]]: "Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth." Here, the believer is exhorted to strive diligently to live and serve in such a way that they are found δόκιμος by God Himself. The context implies a life of faithfulness, doctrinal integrity, and diligent labor in ministry, all of which are subject to divine scrutiny. The "worker who has no need to be ashamed" is one whose efforts and character stand up to the most rigorous divine examination.
Finally, in [[James 1:12]], we read: "Blessed is the man who remains steadfast under trial, for when he has stood the test (γένηται δόκιμος), he will receive the crown of life, which God has promised to those who love him." This verse explicitly links the state of being δόκιμος with enduring trials. The one who perseveres through testing is thereby proven genuine and worthy, and this proven faithfulness is rewarded with eternal life. The trial itself is the crucible that produces the δόκιμος individual.
### Related Words & Concepts
The semantic field of δόκιμος is rich with related terms that illuminate its meaning:
* **δοκιμάζω (dokimazō) `{{G1381}}`**: This verb means "to test," "to examine," "to prove," or "to discern." It describes the *process* by which one becomes δόκιμος. For example, believers are exhorted to "test everything; hold fast what is good" [[1 Thessalonians 5:21]].
* **δοκιμή (dokimē) `{{G1382}}`**: This noun refers to the "testing," "proof," or "experience" itself. It is the trial or the process of examination. For instance, "the testing of your faith produces steadfastness" [[James 1:3]].
* **ἀδόκιμος (adokimos) `{{G96}}`**: This is the direct antonym, meaning "unapproved," "rejected," "disqualified," or "worthless." It describes that which has been tested and found wanting, failing to meet the standard. Paul uses this term to describe himself if he were to fail to discipline his body, "lest after preaching to others I myself should be disqualified" [[1 Corinthians 9:27]]. The contrast with δόκιμος highlights the serious implications of failing God's test.
Related concepts include:
* **Endurance/Perseverance**: The ability to remain steadfast under pressure, which is essential for being proven δόκιμος.
* **Faithfulness/Integrity**: The consistent adherence to truth and commitment, which is the mark of a δόκιμος person.
* **Spiritual Maturity**: The development of character and wisdom through experience and testing, leading to a state of being approved.
* **Divine Scrutiny/Judgment**: The ultimate assessment by God, which determines one's δόκιμος status.
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of δόκιμος is profound, touching upon God's character, human responsibility, and the nature of the Christian life.
1. **God's Standard of Approval**: The term emphasizes that God has a standard of righteousness, faithfulness, and truth by which He evaluates His people. His approval is not arbitrary but based on genuine character and conduct, refined through experience.
2. **The Role of Trials**: δόκιμος highlights the redemptive purpose of trials and suffering in the believer's life. It is through enduring hardship and temptation that faith is proven genuine, character is forged, and one becomes "tested and approved" by God ([[James 1:12]]). This process refines the believer, much like fire refines precious metals.
3. **Authenticity in Christian Living**: The call to be δόκιμος is a call to authenticity. It challenges believers to pursue genuine godliness, not merely outward appearances or human commendation. True commendation comes from the Lord ([[2 Corinthians 10:18]]), who sees beyond the superficial.
4. **Vocational Call**: For those in ministry, especially, 2 Timothy 2:15 serves as a foundational vocational text. It underscores the necessity for diligent study, accurate handling of Scripture, and a life of integrity, all aimed at receiving God's "approved" stamp. This approval is essential for effective and unashamed service.
5. **Assurance and Reward**: Being δόκιμος brings the assurance of divine favor and the promise of eternal reward, specifically the "crown of life" ([[James 1:12]]). This provides immense hope and motivation for persevering through challenges.
### Summary
δόκιμος (dókimos) `{{G1384}}` denotes someone or something that has been thoroughly tested and found to be genuine, trustworthy, and therefore "approved" or "acceptable." This status is not merely a matter of perception but of proven integrity, often achieved through the crucible of trials and challenges. In the biblical context, it signifies divine commendation, distinguishing those whose faith, character, and service stand up to God's rigorous scrutiny. The pursuit of being δόκιμος is a central aspiration for the believer, emphasizing authenticity, perseverance, and diligent stewardship, ultimately leading to God's eternal reward.
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