from διαβάλλω and φθείρω; to rot thoroughly, i.e. (by implication) to ruin (passively, decay utterly, figuratively, pervert):--corrupt, destroy, perish.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **diaphtheírō**, represented by `{{G1311}}`, means to **rot thoroughly**, **ruin**, or **pervert**. It appears **6 times** across **5 unique verses** in the Bible. The term carries a strong sense of utter decay and ruin, used to describe concepts like perishing, being corrupted, or being destroyed.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{G1311}}` is applied in various contexts to illustrate both physical and moral decay. It is used to describe the perishing of the "outward man" in contrast to the renewal of the inward man [[2 Corinthians 4:16]]. In [[Luke 12:33]], it refers to the physical corruption of earthly treasures by a moth. The term also signifies complete destruction, as when the third part of the ships were **destroyed** in Revelation [[Revelation 8:9]]. Furthermore, it is used to describe moral ruin, as in "men of **corrupt** minds" who are destitute of truth [[1 Timothy 6:5]]. In a climactic sense, it is used to describe God's final judgment, where He will **destroy** those who **destroy** the earth [[Revelation 11:18]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide deeper context for the idea of decay and its opposite:
* `{{G1573}}` **ekkakéō** (to be weak, to fail in heart): This word is used to describe the believer's response to the outward man perishing, which is not to **faint** or grow weary [[2 Corinthians 4:16]].
* `{{G3822}}` **palaióō** (to make worn out, or declare obsolete): This term is used in contrast to `{{G1311}}`, describing heavenly bags that do not **wax old** while earthly things are subject to corruption [[Luke 12:33]].
* `{{G2919}}` **krínō** (to distinguish, decide, condemn): This word appears alongside `{{G1311}}` in the context of divine judgment, when the time comes for the dead to be **judged** and for God to destroy those who destroy the earth [[Revelation 11:18]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G1311}}` is significant, highlighting key spiritual truths.
* **Physical vs. Spiritual Reality:** The word distinguishes between the temporary physical world and the eternal spiritual realm. While the "outward man" may **perish**, the inner self is renewed, pointing to a reality beyond physical decay [[2 Corinthians 4:16]].
* **Moral Corruption:** `{{G1311}}` is used to define a state of moral and intellectual decay, describing those with **corrupt** minds who have turned from the truth for personal gain [[1 Timothy 6:5]].
* **Divine Judgment:** The term is central to the concept of divine retribution. God's wrath is directed at those who **destroy** the earth, and His final action is to **destroy** them in turn, establishing ultimate justice [[Revelation 11:18]].
* **Vanity of Earthly Treasure:** The use of `{{G1311}}` in reference to a moth that **corrupteth** illustrates the impermanence of material wealth compared to the secure, unfailing treasure found in heaven [[Luke 12:33]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1311}}` is a powerful word that conveys a sense of thorough ruin and decay. It is applied to the physical body, material possessions, and even the human mind. The term serves to draw a sharp contrast between the corruptible, temporary nature of the earthly realm and the eternal, incorruptible promises of God, which culminate in a final judgment where destruction is met with destruction.
TRV