### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **deîpnon**, represented by `{{G1173}}`, refers to **dinner** or **supper**, the chief meal usually taken in the evening. It can also be translated as a **feast**. It appears **16 times** across **16 unique verses** in the Bible, signifying its importance in both literal and symbolic contexts.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In biblical narratives, `{{G1173}}` is used to describe various meals and gatherings. It refers to social events, such as the **supper** Herod made for his birthday [[Mark 6:21]], and intimate gatherings, like the **supper** made for Jesus where Martha served [[John 12:2]]. The term is also central to the events of the Last Supper, where Jesus rises from **supper** to wash the disciples' feet [[John 13:4]] and where his betrayal by Judas is set in motion [[John 13:2]]. In parables, it is used to illustrate a great invitation, as when a certain man made a great **supper** and bade many [[Luke 14:16]]. Furthermore, it is used to critique the scribes who love the "chief rooms at **feasts**" [[Luke 20:46]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning and context of `{{G1173}}`:
* `{{G712}}` **áriston** (luncheon): This term for a midday meal is contrasted with `{{G1173}}` when Jesus advises a host, "When thou makest a **dinner** or a **supper**..." [[Luke 14:12]].
* `{{G1062}}` **gámos** (marriage, wedding): This word is directly connected to the eschatological hope of believers who are called to the "**marriage** `{{G1062}}` **supper** of the Lamb" [[Revelation 19:9]].
* `{{G4411}}` **prōtoklisía** (chief room): This term describes the place of honor at meals and is used in conjunction with `{{G1173}}` to describe the scribes' desire for the "**uppermost rooms** at **feasts**" [[Matthew 23:6]].
* `{{G2960}}` **kyriakós** (Lord's): This adjective specifies the unique nature of the Christian observance, identifying it as the "**Lord's** `{{G2960}}` **supper** `{{G1173}}`" in contrast to a common meal [[1 Corinthians 11:20]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G1173}}` is significant, moving from a simple meal to a profound spiritual symbol.
* **Sacred Ordinance:** The term is foundational to the Christian sacrament of communion, known as the "**Lord's** `{{G2960}}` **supper**" [[1 Corinthians 11:20]]. Paul warns that partaking improperly means one is not truly eating the Lord's supper, but rather one's "own **supper**" [[1 Corinthians 11:21]].
* **Parable of the Great Invitation:** Jesus uses the parable of a great **supper** to teach about the kingdom of God, where many who were first invited make excuses, and the invitation is extended to others. The master of the house declares that none of the men who were first bidden shall taste of his **supper** [[Luke 14:24]].
* **Eschatological Banquet:** The word carries a dual eschatological meaning. It represents the ultimate celebration for the redeemed, who are called to the "marriage **supper** of the Lamb" [[Revelation 19:9]]. In stark contrast, it also depicts a final judgment, referred to as the "**supper** of the great God," to which the fowls of the air are gathered [[Revelation 19:17]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G1173}}` **deîpnon** evolves in scripture from its literal meaning of an evening meal into a multi-layered concept. It serves as a backdrop for critical moments in Jesus's ministry, a symbol of social standing, the basis for a central Christian ordinance, and a powerful metaphor for the final judgment and eternal celebration. The journey of this word illustrates how an everyday activity is imbued with profound theological significance.
TRV