The Greek word deîpnon, represented by G1173, refers to dinner or supper, the chief meal usually taken in the evening. It can also be translated as a feast. It appears 16 times across 16 unique verses in the Bible, signifying its importance in both literal and symbolic contexts.
In biblical narratives, G1173 is used to describe various meals and gatherings. It refers to social events, such as the supper Herod made for his birthday Mark 6:21, and intimate gatherings, like the supper made for Jesus where Martha served John 12:2. The term is also central to the events of the Last Supper, where Jesus rises from supper to wash the disciples' feet John 13:4 and where his betrayal by Judas is set in motion John 13:2. In parables, it is used to illustrate a great invitation, as when a certain man made a great supper and bade many Luke 14:16. Furthermore, it is used to critique the scribes who love the "chief rooms at feasts" Luke 20:46.
Several related words help clarify the meaning and context of G1173:
- G712 áriston (luncheon): This term for a midday meal is contrasted with G1173 when Jesus advises a host, "When thou makest a dinner or a supper..." Luke 14:12.
- G1062 gámos (marriage, wedding): This word is directly connected to the eschatological hope of believers who are called to the "marriage G1062 supper of the Lamb" Revelation 19:9.
- G4411 prōtoklisía (chief room): This term describes the place of honor at meals and is used in conjunction with G1173 to describe the scribes' desire for the "uppermost rooms at feasts" Matthew 23:6.
- G2960 kyriakós (Lord's): This adjective specifies the unique nature of the Christian observance, identifying it as the "Lord's G2960 supper G1173" in contrast to a common meal 1 Corinthians 11:20.
The theological weight of G1173 is significant, moving from a simple meal to a profound spiritual symbol.
- Sacred Ordinance: The term is foundational to the Christian sacrament of communion, known as the "Lord's G2960 supper" 1 Corinthians 11:20. Paul warns that partaking improperly means one is not truly eating the Lord's supper, but rather one's "own supper" 1 Corinthians 11:21.
- Parable of the Great Invitation: Jesus uses the parable of a great supper to teach about the kingdom of God, where many who were first invited make excuses, and the invitation is extended to others. The master of the house declares that none of the men who were first bidden shall taste of his supper Luke 14:24.
- Eschatological Banquet: The word carries a dual eschatological meaning. It represents the ultimate celebration for the redeemed, who are called to the "marriage supper of the Lamb" Revelation 19:9. In stark contrast, it also depicts a final judgment, referred to as the "supper of the great God," to which the fowls of the air are gathered Revelation 19:17.
In summary, G1173 deîpnon evolves in scripture from its literal meaning of an evening meal into a multi-layered concept. It serves as a backdrop for critical moments in Jesus's ministry, a symbol of social standing, the basis for a central Christian ordinance, and a powerful metaphor for the final judgment and eternal celebration. The journey of this word illustrates how an everyday activity is imbued with profound theological significance.
TRV