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Commentary on Revelation 11 verses 14–19
We have here the sounding of the seventh and last trumpet, which is ushered in by the usual warning and demand of attention: The second woe is past, and, behold, the third woe cometh quickly. Then the seventh angel sounded. This had been suspended for some time, till the apostle had been made acquainted with some intervening occurrences of very great moment, and worthy of his notice and observation. But what he before expected he now heard - the seventh angel sounding. Here observe the effects and consequences of this trumpet, thus sounded.
I. Here were loud and joyful acclamations of the saints and angels in heaven. Observe, 1. The manner of their adorations: they rose from their seats, and fell upon their faces, and worshipped God; they did it with reverence and humility. 2. The matter of their adorations. (1.) They thankfully recognize the right of our God and Saviour to rule and reign over all the world: The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of his Christ, Rev 11:15. They were always so in title, both by creation and purchase. (2.) They thankfully observe his actual possession of them, and reign over them; they give him thanks because he had taken to him his great power, asserted his rights, exerted his power, and so turned title into possession. (3.) They rejoice that this his reign shall never end: He shall reign for ever and ever, till all enemies be put under his feet; none shall ever wrest the sceptre out of his hand.
II. Here were angry resentments in the world at these just appearances and actings of the power of God (Rev 11:18): The nations were angry; not only had been so, but were so still: their hearts rose up against God; they met his wrath with their own anger. It was a time when God was taking a just revenge upon the enemies of his people, recompensing tribulation to those who had troubled them. It was a time in which he was beginning to reward his people's faithful services and sufferings; and their enemies could not bear it, they fretted against God, and so increased their guilt and hastened their destruction.
III. Another consequence was the opening of the temple of God in heaven. By this may be meant that here is now a more free communication between heaven and earth, prayer and praises more freely and frequently ascending and graces and blessings plentifully descending. But it rather seems to intend the church of God on earth, a heavenly temple. It is an allusion to the various circumstances of things in the time of the first temple. Under idolatrous and wicked princes, it was shut up and neglected; but, under religious and reforming princes, it was opened and frequented. So, during the power of antichrist, the temple of God seemed to be shut up, and was so in a great degree; but now it was opened again. At this opening of it observe, 1. What was seen there: the ark of God's testament. This was in the holy of holies; in this ark the tables of the law were kept. As before Josiah's time the law of God had been lost, but was then found, so in the reign of antichrist God's law was laid aside, and made void by their traditions and decrees; the scriptures were locked up from the people, and they must not look into these divine oracles; now they are opened, now they are brought to the view of all. This was an unspeakable and invaluable privilege; and this, like the ark of the testament, was a token of the presence of God returned to his people, and his favour towards them in Jesus Christ the propitiation. 2. What was heard and felt there: Lightnings, voices, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail. The great blessing of the reformation was attended with very awful providences; and by terrible things in righteousness God would answer those prayers that were presented in his holy temple, now opened. All the great revolutions of the world are concerted in heaven, and are the answers of the prayers of the saints.
The second woe is past, and behold, the third woe comes quickly. This second woe pertains not to recapitulation but to the battle of the horses stirred by the trumpet of the sixth angel. For the eagle had predicted three woes from the voices of the three trumpets yet to come. But there, he did not say that the third would immediately follow, which pertains to the seventh angel and the end.
The second woe is past: behold the third woe cometh quickly. This is the end of the double recapitulation, but the second woe does not belong to this recapitulation. Indeed it had been said earlier, after the battle with the locusts was finished, that one woe was past and two were to come; then, when all that pertained to the second woe had been told (with the loosing of the four angels etc.) the second woe was not mentioned again. The reason for this is that there followed the recapitulation starting from Christ's coming, and he did not want us to think, if The second woe is past had been said there, that the third woe referred to the recapitulation. Therefore the second woe does not refer to this passage, but to the one above: the recapitulation that broke the order being finished, the second woe is mentioned with reference to where the order was broken. As for what the third woe is, it is disclosed when it is said after that:
Since all things are clearly evident and destined to occur perceptibly at that time, it is excessive to dwell on what has been acknowledged.
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SUMMARY
Revelation 11:14 serves as a dramatic interlude in John's apocalyptic vision, marking the definitive conclusion of the second phase of divine judgment and emphatically announcing the swift and certain arrival of the third and final woe. This pivotal verse underscores God's meticulous orchestration of end-time events, highlighting the escalating intensity of His wrath against a rebellious world and preparing the reader for the climactic declaration of His eternal kingdom.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Revelation 11:14 employs several potent literary devices to convey its message. The verse functions as a Dramatic Interlude, providing a brief pause in the narrative flow between the conclusion of the second woe and the imminent commencement of the third. This pause heightens Anticipation and tension, preparing the reader for the climactic events to follow. The use of the exclamation "behold" (Greek: idou) is a form of Exclamation or Interjection, serving to draw immediate attention and emphasize the certainty and significance of the impending judgment. The very structure of the woes—a progression from one to the next—demonstrates Escalation, indicating an increasing intensity of divine judgment. Furthermore, the verse employs Foreshadowing, pointing directly to the ultimate and most severe judgments that are about to be unleashed, culminating in the establishment of God's eternal kingdom.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Revelation 11:14 stands as a stark reminder of God's unwavering justice and His ultimate sovereign control over all history. The progression of the woes underscores a profound theological truth: God is not indifferent to human sin and rebellion. His judgments are not arbitrary but are a righteous response to persistent unrepentance, escalating in severity to bring about His ultimate purposes. This verse emphasizes the certainty of prophetic fulfillment, assuring believers that God's plan is unfolding precisely as foretold, leading inexorably to the establishment of His kingdom. For those who refuse to acknowledge Him, it serves as a solemn warning of impending accountability.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Revelation 11:14, with its stark declaration of escalating judgment, calls believers to a profound sense of spiritual urgency and faithful endurance. While the specifics of apocalyptic prophecy can be complex, the overarching message is clear: God is sovereign, His justice is certain, and His redemptive plan is moving towards its glorious consummation. For those who have placed their faith in Christ, these pronouncements of judgment are not a source of fear, but a confirmation of God's ultimate triumph over evil and the certainty of His kingdom's arrival. This understanding should cultivate a deep trust in His divine timetable and an unwavering commitment to living righteously. It also compels us to live with a renewed sense of mission, recognizing the brevity of time and the eternal consequences of rejecting God's grace, motivating us to share the hope of the Gospel with those who are still lost.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What is the significance of the "woes" in Revelation?
Answer: The "woes" in Revelation represent a series of intensifying divine judgments pronounced upon the earth's inhabitants. They are specific, escalating calamities that demonstrate God's righteous wrath against persistent human rebellion and idolatry. Each woe signifies a distinct phase of suffering and destruction, designed to call humanity to repentance, though often met with hardened hearts.
How does Revelation 11:14 relate to the trumpets?
Answer: The woes are directly tied to the sounding of the last three of the seven trumpets. The first woe is associated with the fifth trumpet, unleashing demonic locusts. The second woe is linked to the sixth trumpet, involving a vast army. Revelation 11:14 announces the imminent arrival of the third woe, which immediately precedes and is fulfilled by the sounding of the seventh trumpet, bringing about the culmination of God's judgments and the declaration of His kingdom.
Does "quickly" in this verse mean immediately?
Answer: While "quickly" (Greek: tachý) can sometimes imply immediacy, in prophetic contexts like Revelation 11:14, it more often conveys the idea of swiftness of execution once initiated, rather than an immediate onset from the moment of the prophecy. It suggests that when the time for the third woe arrives, its unfolding will be rapid, decisive, and without prolonged delay, bringing the sequence of judgments to a swift and conclusive end.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Revelation 11:14, while announcing a period of escalating divine judgment, ultimately points to the sovereign work of Jesus Christ. The "woes" are part of the unfolding of God's redemptive plan, leading to the establishment of His eternal kingdom, over which Christ reigns supreme. While the world experiences these judgments, believers find their refuge and hope in Christ, who bore the ultimate "woe" of divine judgment on the cross for their sins (Isaiah 53:5). He is the one to whom all judgment has been committed by the Father (John 5:22), and these escalating judgments ultimately pave the way for His glorious return as King of kings and Lord of lords (Revelation 19:11-16). The "third woe" is not merely a final judgment but the precursor to the momentous declaration in Revelation 11:15, where the kingdoms of this world become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ, reigning forever and ever. Thus, even in judgment, Christ's sovereignty and ultimate triumph are magnified.