Psalms 82:5

KJV

They know not, neither will they understand; they walk on in darkness: all the foundations of the earth are out of course.

KJV (with Strong's)

They know {H3045}{H8804)} not, neither will they understand {H995}{H8799)}; they walk {H1980}{H8691)} on in darkness {H2825}: all the foundations {H4144} of the earth {H776} are out of course {H4131}{H8735)}.

Complete Jewish Bible

They don't know, they don't understand, they wander about in darkness; meanwhile, all the foundations of the earth are being undermined.

Berean Standard Bible

They do not know or understand; they wander in the darkness; all the foundations of the earth are shaken.

American Standard Version

They know not, neither do they understand; They walk to and fro in darkness: All the foundations of the earth are shaken.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Psalms 82:5 serves as a profound lament and condemnation from God concerning the moral and intellectual failings of human rulers and authorities. It reveals their willful ignorance of divine justice, their chosen path of moral depravity, and the catastrophic consequence of their unrighteousness: the destabilization and decay of the very societal foundations meant to uphold order, truth, and equity. This verse powerfully underscores the critical link between righteous leadership and societal well-being, highlighting the dire implications when those in power abandon God's principles.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Psalms 82 stands as a unique "divine council" psalm, where God (Elohim) presides over an assembly of "gods" (Hebrew: *elohim*), widely understood as human rulers or judges. The preceding verses ([Psalms 82:1-4](/psalms/82-1 "Psalms 82:1-4 - God Rebukes Unjust Rulers")) depict God's stern rebuke of these earthly authorities for their pervasive injustice—showing partiality to the wicked, failing to defend the poor and fatherless, and neglecting the rights of the afflicted and needy. Verse 5 functions as God's diagnostic assessment of *why* these rulers behave unjustly: their profound lack of spiritual and moral understanding. It then immediately presents the devastating *consequence* of this blindness, setting the stage for God's ultimate judgment and declaration of their mortality in [Psalms 82:6-7](/psalms/82-6 "Psalms 82:6-7 - God's Judgment on the 'Gods'").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Israel, judges and kings were considered God's representatives, tasked with upholding justice according to the Mosaic Law. The concept of "elohim" referring to human authorities is found elsewhere in the Old Testament (e.g., [Exodus 21:6](/exodus/21-6 "Exodus 21:6 - Masters as 'Gods'"), [Exodus 22:8-9](/exodus/22-8 "Exodus 22:8-9 - Cases Before the 'Gods'")). This psalm reflects a common prophetic critique of corrupt leadership prevalent throughout Israel's history, where kings and officials often failed to live up to their divine mandate. The "foundations of the earth" imagery resonates with ancient Near Eastern cosmological views where order was established by divine decree, and chaos ensued when that order was disturbed. The justice system was the bedrock of society; its corruption meant the entire social fabric was at risk, leading to the kind of societal breakdown often lamented by the prophets (e.g., [Isaiah 1:21-23](/isaiah/1-21 "Isaiah 1:21-23 - The Corrupt City")).
* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within the Psalms and broader biblical narrative. It highlights the theme of **divine accountability** for all who hold authority, emphasizing that even the most powerful earthly rulers are subject to God's judgment. It deeply explores **injustice and corruption**, portraying them not merely as policy failures but as symptoms of a profound spiritual and moral blindness. The imagery of "walking in darkness" underscores the theme of **spiritual depravity** and the absence of divine wisdom in leadership. Finally, the "foundations... out of course" vividly illustrates the theme of **societal decay** and the catastrophic consequences when the pillars of truth, justice, and righteousness are undermined by ungodly governance. This aligns with warnings found in passages like [Proverbs 29:2](/proverbs/29-2 "Proverbs 29:2 - When the Righteous Rule, the People Rejoice").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Know not (Hebrew, _yada'_) / Understand (Hebrew, _bin_):** These two verbs, often paired, denote experiential knowledge and discerning comprehension, respectively. The phrase "they know not, neither will they understand" suggests more than mere ignorance; it implies a willful refusal to perceive or apply divine truth. It is a moral blindness, an active rejection of the wisdom and principles necessary for righteous governance, leading to a state of spiritual dullness where they are incapable or unwilling to grasp the gravity of their actions or the divine standard.
* **Darkness (Hebrew, _choshek_):** In biblical thought, "darkness" is often a metaphor for moral depravity, spiritual ignorance, chaos, and evil, contrasting sharply with God's light (truth, righteousness, life). To "walk on in darkness" signifies a lifestyle and operational mode characterized by injustice, oppression, and a lack of moral discernment. It indicates that their actions are not merely misguided but are fundamentally contrary to God's character and design for human society.
* **Foundations (Hebrew, _mosadot_) / Out of course (Hebrew, _mot_):** "Foundations" refers to the established bases, fixed principles, or underlying structures upon which something is built—here, metaphorically, the fundamental principles of justice, truth, and societal stability. The verb "mot" means to totter, shake, be moved, or even overthrown. Thus, "all the foundations of the earth are out of course" paints a vivid picture of extreme instability, disarray, and impending collapse. It suggests that the very bedrock of moral order, social cohesion, and divine justice is being dislodged and undermined by the unrighteous actions of those in authority, leading to widespread chaos and societal decay.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"They know not, neither will they understand;":** This initial clause diagnoses the root problem of the unjust rulers: a profound and willful intellectual and spiritual deficiency. Their failure is not due to a lack of capacity but a deliberate refusal to apprehend or apply the principles of divine justice and righteousness. They are blind to God's standards and deaf to the cries of the oppressed, choosing to remain ignorant of the moral and spiritual truths that should guide their decisions and actions.
* **"they walk on in darkness:":** This phrase describes the consequence and manifestation of their willful ignorance. Because they refuse to know and understand God's light (truth and righteousness), their conduct is characterized by "darkness"—moral corruption, injustice, and oppression. Their path is one of spiritual depravity, leading to actions that harm the vulnerable and undermine societal well-being. This is a chosen path, not an accidental stumble, indicating a deep-seated rebellion against divine order.
* **"all the foundations of the earth are out of course.":** This powerful metaphorical statement reveals the catastrophic societal impact of the rulers' unrighteousness. The "foundations of the earth" represent the fundamental principles of justice, truth, and order that uphold society. When those in authority are corrupt and unjust, these very foundations are depicted as "tottering" or "shaken." This signifies a complete breakdown of moral and social order, leading to widespread chaos, instability, and a reversal of what is right and just. The scope ("all the foundations of the earth") emphasizes the pervasive and devastating reach of their unrighteousness.

#### Literary Devices
Psalms 82:5 employs several potent literary devices to convey its message. **Parallelism** is evident in the opening clause, "They know not, neither will they understand," where two closely related ideas reinforce the concept of willful ignorance. The most striking device is **Metaphor**, particularly in the phrase "all the foundations of the earth are out of course." The "foundations of the earth" are not literal geological structures but represent the fundamental principles of justice, truth, and societal order. Their being "out of course" is a vivid metaphor for the collapse and destabilization of society due to corrupt leadership. This imagery also borders on **Hyperbole**, as the "foundations of the *earth*" suggests a cosmic or universal impact, emphasizing the extreme severity and far-reaching consequences of unrighteous rule. Furthermore, the phrase "they walk on in darkness" is another powerful **Metaphor**, equating spiritual and moral depravity with a path devoid of light, truth, and righteousness.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Psalms 82:5 is a critical theological statement on the nature of earthly authority and its accountability to God. It asserts that true societal stability and justice are not merely human constructs but are rooted in divine principles. When human rulers reject these principles through willful ignorance and moral depravity, they not only fail in their God-given mandate but actively dismantle the very fabric of society. This verse underscores the biblical truth that justice is foundational to God's character and His kingdom, and its absence in human governance leads to chaos. It challenges the notion that power grants impunity, reminding all in authority that they stand under the ultimate judgment of the Most High. The psalm calls for a return to righteous judgment, emphasizing that the well-being of the vulnerable is a direct measure of a society's adherence to divine justice.

* [Proverbs 29:2](/proverbs/29-2 "Proverbs 29:2 - When the Righteous Rule, the People Rejoice")
* [Isaiah 5:20](/isaiah/5-20 "Isaiah 5:20 - Woe to Those Who Call Evil Good")
* [Amos 5:24](/amos/5-24 "Amos 5:24 - Let Justice Roll Down Like Waters")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Psalms 82:5 serves as a timeless and sobering warning, not only for those in positions of power but for every individual. It reminds us that spiritual and moral blindness, coupled with a refusal to seek and apply divine wisdom, inevitably leads to destructive outcomes, both personally and societally. For leaders, it is a profound call to humility, integrity, and a relentless pursuit of justice, recognizing that their decisions have far-reaching implications for the stability and well-being of the communities they serve. They are accountable not just to their constituents, but ultimately to God, the supreme Judge. For citizens, this verse highlights the importance of discerning leadership, advocating for justice, and actively participating in upholding righteous principles within our spheres of influence. It also underscores the need for constant prayer for those in authority, asking God to grant them wisdom and turn their hearts toward righteousness. Ultimately, for all believers, it reinforces the crucial need to "walk in the light" of God's truth, ensuring that our own understanding and actions are aligned with His righteous character, lest we too contribute to the "darkness" that destabilizes the "foundations" of our relationships, families, and communities.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life might I be "walking in darkness" due to a lack of understanding or a willful refusal to acknowledge truth?**
* **How can I, in my sphere of influence, contribute to strengthening the "foundations" of justice, truth, and compassion in my community or workplace?**
* **What specific actions can I take to advocate for justice and righteousness, especially for the vulnerable, in light of this psalm?**
* **How does this verse shape my prayers for national and local leaders, and what specific qualities or actions should I pray for them to embody?**

### FAQ
**Who are the "gods" in Psalm 82 that "know not, neither will they understand"?**

Answer: The "gods" (Hebrew: *elohim*) in Psalm 82, particularly in the context of verse 5, are most widely interpreted by biblical scholars as human rulers, judges, or powerful authorities on earth. While "elohim" can refer to God Himself or even angelic beings, the context of God's rebuke for injustice, partiality, and failure to defend the poor ([Psalms 82:2-4](/psalms/82-2 "Psalms 82:2-4 - God Rebukes the Unjust")) and His subsequent declaration that they "shall die like men" ([Psalms 82:7](/psalms/82-7 "Psalms 82:7 - You Shall Die Like Men")) strongly indicates human beings. These are individuals entrusted with divine authority to administer justice, but who have failed miserably in their mandate, demonstrating a profound spiritual and moral blindness that leads to the decay of society.

**What does it mean for "all the foundations of the earth are out of course"?**

Answer: This powerful phrase uses a vivid metaphor to describe the catastrophic consequences of unrighteous leadership. The "foundations of the earth" (Hebrew: *mosadot aretz*) do not refer to geological structures but rather to the fundamental principles of justice, truth, righteousness, and order upon which a stable and flourishing society is built. When these foundations are "out of course" (Hebrew: *mot*, meaning to totter, shake, or be moved), it signifies that the very moral and social fabric of society is destabilized, dislodged, and on the verge of collapse. It implies a widespread breakdown of law and order, a perversion of justice, and a state of chaos where evil is rampant and the vulnerable are oppressed. It underscores that societal well-being is inextricably linked to the integrity and righteousness of its leaders.

**Is Psalm 82:5 still relevant in today's world?**

Answer: Absolutely. Psalm 82:5 is profoundly relevant today, serving as a timeless indictment of corrupt and unjust leadership across all levels of society. The "foundations of the earth" are still susceptible to being "out of course" when those in power exhibit spiritual and moral blindness, prioritizing self-interest, partiality, or oppression over justice and righteousness. This verse calls us to recognize that true societal stability and flourishing depend on adherence to divine principles of justice and compassion. It challenges both leaders to govern righteously and citizens to advocate for justice, hold leaders accountable, and pray for wisdom and integrity in governance. The consequences of "walking in darkness" by those in authority—societal decay, injustice, and suffering—are as evident today as they were in ancient Israel.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Psalms 82:5, with its lament over the failure of earthly rulers and the resulting societal decay, powerfully anticipates the necessity of a perfect, righteous King and Judge. The "darkness" in which human authorities walk, and their inability to "know or understand" divine justice, highlights humanity's inherent fallenness and the futility of relying on human systems alone for ultimate righteousness. This sets the stage for the coming of Jesus Christ, who is the [true Light of the world](/john/8-12 "John 8:12 - Jesus, the Light of the World"), dispelling the very darkness that blinds human rulers. He is the one who perfectly embodies wisdom and understanding, not merely knowing but *being* the truth and the way ([John 14:6](/john/14-6 "John 14:6 - Jesus, the Way, the Truth, and the Life")). Unlike the "gods" who "die like men," Jesus, though he died, conquered death and reigns eternally, establishing a kingdom whose "foundations" cannot be shaken ([Hebrews 12:28](/hebrews/12-28 "Hebrews 12:28 - A Kingdom That Cannot Be Shaken")). He is the ultimate righteous Judge, who will one day judge all nations with equity and justice, ensuring that the "foundations of the earth" are truly set right under His perfect rule ([Isaiah 9:7](/isaiah/9-7 "Isaiah 9:7 - The Increase of His Government and Peace")). In Christ, we find the fulfillment of the longing for a world where justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream, as He is the King who truly defends the cause of the poor and crushes the oppressor ([Psalms 72:4](/psalms/72-4 "Psalms 72:4 - He Will Defend the Afflicted")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Psalms 11:3

If the foundations be destroyed, what can the righteous do?

Micah 3:1

¶ And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; [Is it] not for you to know judgment?

Romans 1:28

And even as they did not like to retain God in [their] knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient;

Proverbs 2:13

Who leave the paths of uprightness, to walk in the ways of darkness;

1 John 2:11

But he that hateth his brother is in darkness, and walketh in darkness, and knoweth not whither he goeth, because that darkness hath blinded his eyes.

John 12:35

Then Jesus said unto them, Yet a little while is the light with you. Walk while ye have the light, lest darkness come upon you: for he that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goeth.

Psalms 14:4

¶ Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge? who eat up my people [as] they eat bread, and call not upon the LORD.