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Study this verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Psalms 62:1–7. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
In these verses we have,
I.David's profession of dependence upon God, and upon him only, for all good (Psa 62:1):
Truly my soul waiteth upon God. Nevertheless (so some) or "However it be, whatever difficulties or dangers I may meet with, though God frown upon me and I meet with discouragements in my attendance on him, yet still my soul waits upon God" (or is silent to God, as the word is), "Says nothing against what he does, but quietly expects what he will do." We are in the way both of duty and comfort when our souls wait upon God, when we cheerfully refer ourselves, and the disposal of all our affairs, to his will and wisdom, when we acquiesce in and accommodate ourselves to all the dispensations of his providence, and patiently expect a doubtful event, with an entire satisfaction in his righteousness and goodness, however it be. Is not my soul subject go God? So the Septuagint. So it, certainly so it ought to be; our wills must be melted into his will. My soul has respect to God, for from him cometh my salvation. He doubts not but his salvation will come, though now he was threatened and in danger, and he expects it to come from God, and from him only; for in vain is it hoped for from hills and mountains, Jer 3:23; Psa 121:1, Psa 121:2. "From him I know it will come, and therefore on him will I patiently wait till it does come, for his time is the best time." We may apply it to our eternal salvation, which is called the salvation of God (Psa 50:23); from him it comes; he prepared it for us, he prepares us for it, and preserves us to it, and therefore let our souls wait on him, to be conducted through this world to that eternal salvation, in such way as he thinks fit.
II.The ground and reason of this dependence (Psa 62:2):
He only is my rock and my salvation; he is my defence. 1. "He has been so many a time; in him I have found shelter, and strength, and succour. He has by his grace supported me and borne me up under my troubles, and by his providence defended me from the insults of my enemies and delivered me out of the troubles into which I was plunged; and therefore I trust he will deliver me," Co2 1:10. 2. "He only can be my rock and my salvation. Creatures are insufficient; they are nothing without him, and therefore I will look above them to him." 3. "He has by covenant undertaken to be so. Even he that is the rock of ages is my rock; he that is the God of salvation is my salvation; he that is the Most High is my high place; and therefore I have all the reason in the world to confide in him."
III.The improvement he makes of his confidence in God.
1.Trusting in God, his heart is fixed. "If God is my strength and mighty delivered, I shall not be greatly moved (that is, I shall not be undone and ruined); I may be shocked, but I shall not be sunk." Or, "I shall not be much disturbed and disquieted in my own breast. I may be put into some fright, but I shall not be afraid with any amazement, nor so as to be put out of the possession of my own soul. I may be perplexed, but not in despair," Co2 4:8. This hope in God will be an anchor of the soul, sure and stedfast.
2.His enemies are slighted, and all their attempts against him looked upon by him with contempt, Psa 62:3, Psa 62:4. If God be for us, we need not fear what man can do against us, though ever so mighty and malicious. He here,
(1.)Gives a character of his enemies: They imagine mischief, design it with a great deal of the serpent's venom and contrive it with a great deal of the serpent's subtlety, and this against a man, one of their own kind, against one single man, that is not an equal match for them, for they are many; they continued their malicious persecution though Providence had often defeated their mischievous designs. "How long will you do it? Will you never be convinced of your error? Will your malice never have spent itself?" They are unanimous in their consultations to cast an excellent man down from his excellency, to draw an honest man from his integrity, to entangle him in sin, which is the only thing that can effectually cast us down from our excellency, to thrust a man, whom God has exalted, down from his dignity, and so to fight against God. Envy was at the bottom of their malice; they were grieved at David's advancement, and therefore plotted, by diminishing his character and blackening that (which was casting him down from his excellency) to hinder his preferment. In order to this they calumniate him, and love to hear such bad characters given of him and such bad reports raised and spread concerning him as they themselves know to be false: They delight in lies. And as they make no conscience of lying concerning him, to do him a mischief, so they make no conscience of lying to him, to conceal the mischief they design, and accomplish it the more effectually: They bless with their mouth (they compliment David to his face), but they curse inwardly; in their hearts they wish him all mischief, and privately they are plotting against him and in their cabals carrying on some evil design or other, by which they hope to ruin him. It is dangerous putting our trust in men who are thus false; but God is faithful.
(2.)He reads their doom, pronounces a sentence of death upon them, not as a king, but as a prophet: You shall be slain all of you, by the righteous judgments of God. Saul and his servants were slain by the Philistines on Mount Gilboa, according to this prediction. Those who seek the ruin of God's chosen are but preparing ruin for themselves. God's church is built upon a rock which will stand, but those that fight against it, and its patrons and protectors, shall be as a bowing wall and a tottering fence, which, having a rotten foundation, sinks with its own weight, falls of a sudden, and buries those in the ruins of it that put themselves under the shadow and shelter of it. David, having put his confidence in God, thus foresees the overthrow of his enemies, and, in effect, sets them at defiance and bids them do their worst.
3.He is himself encouraged to continue waiting upon God (Psa 62:5-7): My soul, wait thou only upon God. Note, The good we do we should stir up ourselves to continue doing, and to do yet more and more, as those that have, through grace, experienced the comfort and benefit of it. We have found it good to wait upon God, and therefore should charge our souls, and even charm them, into such a constant dependence upon him as may make us always easy. He had said (Psa 62:1), From him cometh my salvation; he says (Psa 62:5), My expectation is from him. His salvation was the principal matter of his expectation; let him have that from God, and he expects no more. His salvation being from God, all his other expectations are from him. "If God will save my soul, as to every thing else let him do what he pleases with me, and I will acquiesce in his disposals, knowing they shall all turn to my salvation," Phi 1:19. He repeats (Psa 62:6) what he had said concerning God (Psa 62:2), as one that was not only assured of it, but greatly pleased with it, and that dwelt much upon it in his thoughts: He only is my rock and my salvation; he is my defence, I know he is; but there he adds, I shall not be greatly moved, here, I shall not be moved at all. Note, The more faith is acted the more active it is. Crescit eundo - It grows by being exercised. The more we meditate upon God's attributes and promises, and our own experience, the more ground we get of our fears, which, like Haman, when they begin to fall, shall fall before us, and we shall be kept in perfect peace, Isa 26:3. And, as David's faith in God advances to an unshaken stayedness, so his joy in God improves itself into a holy triumph (Psa 62:7): In God is my salvation and my glory. Where our salvation is there our glory is; for what is our salvation but the glory to be revealed, the eternal weight of glory? And there our glorying must be. In God let us boast all the day long. "The rock of my strength (that is, my strong rock, on which I build my hopes and stay myself) and my refuge, to which I flee for shelter when I am pursued, is in God, and in him only. I have no other to flee to, no other to trust to; the more I think of it the better satisfied I am in the choice I have made." Thus does he delight himself in the Lord, and then ride upon the high places of the earth, Isa 58:14.
Historical interpretation
Three Centuries of Reception
5 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Let us cleave, therefore, to those who cultivate peace with godliness, and not to those who hypocritically profess to desire it. For [the Scripture] says in a certain place, "This people honours me with their lips, but their heart is far from me." [Isaiah 29:13] And again: "They bless with their mouth, but curse with their heart." [Psalm 62:4] And again it says, "They loved Him with their mouth, and lied to Him with their tongue; but their heart was not right with Him, neither were they faithful in His covenant." [Psalm 78:36-37] Let the deceitful lips become silent, [and "let the Lord destroy all the lying lips, ] and the boastful tongue of those who have said, Let us magnify our tongue: our lips are our own; who is lord over us? For the oppression of the poor, and for the sighing of the needy, will I now arise, says the Lord: I will place him in safety; I will deal confidently with him." [Psalm 12:3-5]
“But they have thought to cast away my price; they ran in thirst: they blessed with their mouth but cursed with their heart.” The price of [humanity’s redemption] is the blood of Christ: “You have been bought,” it is said, “with a price; do not become the slaves of people.” The soldiers of Satan planned, therefore, to make this price useless to us, leading again into slavery those who had once been freed. “They ran in thirst.” He is speaking of the eager plots of the demons, because they run against us, thirsting for our destruction. “They blessed with their mouth but cursed with their heart.” There are many who approve evil deeds and say that the witty person is charming; the foulmouthed, statesmanlike; the bitter and irascible they name as one not to be despised; the miserly and selfish they praise as thrifty; the spendthrift, as bountiful; the fornicator and lewd, as one devoted to enjoyment and ease; and, in general, they gloss over every evil with the name of the proximate virtue. Such people bless with their mouth but curse with their heart. For by the auspiciousness of the words, they bring every curse on their life, making themselves liable to condemnation on the day of judgment because of those things that they approved.
“How long do you rush in upon a person? You all kill, as if you were tearing down a leaning wall and a tottering fence.” Again the homily speaks out against the depraved ministers of the devil, charging them with a lack of moderation in the snares they lay. Certainly, people are weak animals; but you rush on, not content with the first attack, but you attack a second and a third time, until you subdue the soul that has fallen beside you to such an extent that it is very similar to a leaning wall and a tottering fence. Now, a wall, as long as it maintains an upright position, remains steadfast; but, when it leans, since it has been weakened, it is destined to fall. For if heavy bodies are joined together, they stand erect after leaning, but those which are composed of several parts no longer stand erect when pressure has been put on one part of them. The homily shows, therefore, that the nature of humankind, which is composite, was not susceptible to plots for a second fall. “You are God’s tillage, God’s building,” it is said. The enemy has shattered this building; the Craftsman has repaired the rents made in it. Thus the fall was necessary because of sin, but the resurrection was great because it brings immortality.
“For he is my God and my savior; he is my protector, I shall be moved no more.” The Son, who is from God, is our God. He is also Savior of the human race, who supports our weakness, who corrects the disturbance that springs up in our souls from temptations. “I shall be moved no more.” Humanly he confesses his disturbance. “More.” For it is impossible that there should not be some disturbance from temptations in the human soul. While we are committing small and few sins, we are in a way mildly disturbed, being tossed about like the leaves by a gentle breeze; but, when our vices are more and greater, in proportion to the increase of our sins the disturbance is apt to be intensified.
"Nevertheless, mine honour they have thought to drive back" [Psalm 62:4]. Conquered while they slay men yielding, by the blood of the slain multiplying the faithful, yielding to these and no longer being able to kill; "Nevertheless, mine honour they have thought to drive back." Now because a Christian cannot be killed, pains are taken that a Christian should be dishonoured. For now by the honour of Christians the hearts of ungodly men are tortured: now that spiritual Joseph, after his selling by his brethren, after his removal from his home into Egypt as though into the Gentiles, after the humiliation of a prison, after the made-up tale of a false witness, after that there had come to pass that which of him was said, "Iron passed through the soul of him:" now he is honoured, now he is not made subject to brethren selling him, but grain he supplies to them hungering. [Genesis 42:5] Conquered by his humility and chastity, uncorruptness, temptations, sufferings, now honoured they see him, and his honour they think to check....Is it all against one man, or one man against all; or all against all, or one against one? Meanwhile, when he says, "ye lay upon a man," it is as it were upon one man: and when he says, "Slay all you," it is as if all men were against one man: but nevertheless it is also all against all, because also all are Christians, but in One. But why must those various errors hostile to Christ be spoken of as all together? Are they also one? Truly them also as one I dare to speak of: because there is one City and one city, one People and one people, King and king. One City and one city is what? Babylon one, Jerusalem one. By whatsoever other mystical names besides She is called, yet One City there is and one city; over this the devil is king, over that Christ is King....
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Summary
Psalms 62:4 offers a piercing exposé of the malicious and deceptive tactics employed by King David's adversaries. It reveals their singular, obsessive focus on undermining his divinely appointed position, their profound affinity for falsehood, and their deep-seated hypocrisy. These enemies outwardly offer feigned blessings while secretly harboring destructive curses, vividly illustrating the profound treachery and malevolent intent of those who sought to depose David from his "excellency." This verse serves as a potent warning against duplicity and highlights the spiritual warfare inherent in faithful leadership.
Context
Literary Context
Psalms 62 is a profound declaration of David's unwavering trust in God, even when facing severe and deceptive opposition. The psalm opens with David's soul finding rest and salvation in God alone, emphasizing God as his unshakeable rock and fortress (Psalms 62:1-2). Verse 4 specifically delves into the character and insidious tactics of his enemies, providing a stark contrast to David's steadfast faith and dependence on the Lord. It immediately follows a rhetorical question about the futility and malice of their attacks against him (Psalms 62:3), setting the stage for a detailed description of their deceptive methods and destructive intent. The subsequent verses then pivot back to David's resolute confidence, reiterating that his soul finds rest in God alone, who is his only true hope and refuge (Psalms 62:5-8), underscoring that human power and wealth are ultimately fleeting and unreliable compared to the enduring strength and love of God.
Historical & Cultural Context
While the precise historical setting for Psalms 62 is not explicitly stated, many scholars attribute it to a period of intense personal or political turmoil for David, such as Absalom's rebellion (2 Samuel 15) or Saul's relentless pursuit. During such times, David faced not only overt military threats but also insidious plots, betrayals from trusted advisors, and the widespread dissemination of false rumors designed to undermine his legitimacy and popularity. The concept of "excellency" (Hebrew: sᵉʼêth) would have resonated deeply in a monarchical society where a king's position was often considered divinely ordained, and his dignity and authority were paramount. The cultural backdrop also includes the significant value placed on spoken blessings and curses; a blessing invoked God's favor and prosperity, while a curse invoked divine judgment or misfortune. To "bless with their mouth, but they curse inwardly" was a profound violation of both social and religious norms, revealing a deep moral corruption and a deliberate act of spiritual hypocrisy.
Key Themes
Psalms 62:4 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the psalm and the broader Psalter. Firstly, it highlights the pervasive nature of human treachery and deceit, contrasting the integrity of the righteous with the duplicity of the wicked. This theme is echoed throughout the wisdom literature, warning against the dangers of flattery and hidden malice (Proverbs 26:23-28). Secondly, it underscores the theme of divine justice and discernment. Despite the enemies' hidden motives and veiled actions, God sees and knows the heart, and will ultimately expose and judge their hypocrisy, as articulated elsewhere in the Psalms (Psalms 7:9). Finally, the verse implicitly reinforces the theme of trust in God as the ultimate refuge and source of security. By vividly portraying the unreliability and malevolence of human adversaries, David's subsequent declaration of sole dependence on God (Psalms 62:5-8) becomes even more poignant and powerful, emphasizing that true security and stability are found only in the Lord, not in human alliances or the absence of opposition.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This primitive root means "to advise; reflexively, to deliberate or resolve." In this context, it speaks to the enemies' concerted effort, their intentional plotting and scheming. Their "consultation" is not for good counsel but for malicious intent, highlighting a deliberate and unified purpose to harm David.
This word refers to "an elevation... figuratively, elation or cheerfulness; exaltation in rank or character." It signifies David's high position, dignity, or elevated status, most likely his kingship or his favored standing with God. It represents the very height from which his enemies sought to violently "cast him down," implying a desire to strip him of his authority, honor, and perhaps even his life.
This term denotes "falsehood; literally (untruth) or figuratively (idol); deceitful, false, leasing, liar, lie, lying." The phrase "they delight in lies" indicates not merely a casual use of untruths but a profound affinity for deceit as a primary tool and a source of perverse pleasure. Their methods are characterized by deliberate misrepresentation, slander, and manipulation, suggesting a moral depravity where truth is disregarded and falsehood embraced as a means to an end.
This primitive root means "to be (causatively, make) light, literally (swift, small, sharp, etc.) or figuratively (easy, trifling, vile, etc.)." In the Hiphil stem, as used here, it means "to curse, treat lightly, despise." The stark contrast with "bless" (H1288, bârak) is crucial. While outwardly offering good wishes or praise, inwardly they harbor deep contempt, ill will, and a desire for David's downfall. This reveals a heart full of venom behind a facade of kindness, a quintessential example of spiritual duplicity.
Verse Breakdown
"They only consult to cast [him] down from his excellency:"
This clause reveals the singular, malicious focus of David's enemies. Their entire deliberation, plotting, and scheming are aimed at one destructive goal: to depose him from his high and honorable position. The phrase "cast down" implies a violent, forceful removal, highlighting their destructive intent and the severity of the threat David faced, aiming to strip him of his God-given authority and dignity.
"they delight in lies:"
This segment exposes the chosen method and the perverted pleasure of their malice. Their joy is found in falsehood, indicating a deep moral corruption where truth is not merely ignored but actively scorned and embraced. They are not merely using lies as a pragmatic means to an end, but taking satisfaction in the act of deception itself, suggesting a character profoundly opposed to integrity and truth.
"they bless with their mouth, but they curse inwardly."
This is the most striking and damning depiction of their profound hypocrisy. Outwardly, they present a facade of goodwill, perhaps offering flattery, feigned praise, or false assurances of support. Yet, their true intentions, hidden deep within their hearts (qereb, H7130), are filled with malice, ill will, and a fervent desire for David's harm. This profound duplicity underscores their treachery and the deceptive nature of their opposition, revealing a heart that speaks one thing while desiring another.
"Selah."
This musical or liturgical notation (H5542), appearing frequently in the Psalms, likely indicates a pause for reflection, a moment to ponder the weight and significance of the preceding words. In this context, it calls the reader to consider the gravity of such hypocrisy and the profound spiritual battle described, inviting meditation on the nature of human deceit and divine discernment.
Literary Devices
Psalms 62:4 employs several potent literary devices to convey its message with striking clarity and emotional depth. Antithesis is prominently featured, particularly in the stark contrast between "bless with their mouth" and "curse inwardly," which powerfully illustrates the enemies' profound hypocrisy and duplicity. This creates a vivid image of their two-faced nature, emphasizing the chasm between their external presentation and internal malice. The phrase "They only consult" employs hyperbole, suggesting that their entire focus and energy are consumed by this malicious goal, thereby accentuating the intensity of their obsession and the singular nature of their evil intent. The declaration "they delight in lies" uses personification by attributing a human emotion (delight) to an abstract concept (lies), further emphasizing the enemies' embrace of falsehood as an inherent and cherished part of their character. The overall tone is one of lament and exposure, as David articulates the insidious and deceptive tactics of his foes, setting the stage for his subsequent declarations of unwavering trust in God alone.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This verse profoundly illustrates the biblical understanding of human depravity and the insidious nature of sin, particularly as it manifests in interpersonal relationships and power dynamics. The enemies' delight in lies and their hypocritical blessings expose a heart far from God, one that prioritizes self-gain and destruction over truth and righteousness. Theologically, this highlights God's attribute of omniscience; He sees not only outward actions but also the hidden motives and inward curses of the heart, affirming that true judgment belongs to Him alone. It also underscores the spiritual reality that opposition to God's anointed or His divine purposes often manifests through deception and veiled malice, rather than overt attack. This calls believers to cultivate spiritual discernment and to place their trust in the One who truly knows the heart and will ultimately bring all hidden things into the light, ensuring that justice prevails.
Reflection and Application
Psalms 62:4 serves as a timeless mirror, reflecting the enduring realities of human nature and offering profound insights for contemporary believers. It compels us to cultivate a spirit of discerning wisdom, recognizing that outward appearances and smooth words may often conceal malicious intent or hidden agendas. In a world saturated with curated images, deceptive narratives, and the ease of online anonymity, this verse reminds us that true character is revealed not by what is said publicly, but by the hidden desires and intentions of the heart. For those who have experienced betrayal, faced duplicitous opposition, or been targets of malicious gossip, David's words offer validation and a poignant reminder that such experiences are not new to the human condition. More importantly, the psalm's broader context encourages us not to be consumed by the treachery of others, but to anchor our souls in God, who sees all, judges righteously, and is our only true refuge and source of unfailing strength. It challenges us to embody integrity ourselves, ensuring that our words and our hearts are aligned, reflecting the truthfulness and faithfulness of God rather than the deceit and hypocrisy of the world.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What does "excellency" refer to in this verse?
In Psalms 62:4, "excellency" (Hebrew: sᵉʼêth, H7613) refers to David's high position, dignity, or elevated status. This most likely signifies his kingship, which was divinely appointed, or his favored standing with God. His enemies sought to cast him down from this esteemed and honorable place, implying a desire to strip him of his authority, honor, and perhaps even his life. It speaks to the envy and destructive intent aimed at his God-given anointing and leadership, seeking to bring him low from his elevated state.
How does "they bless with their mouth, but they curse inwardly" illustrate hypocrisy?
This phrase is a powerful illustration of profound hypocrisy because it describes individuals who outwardly express good wishes, praise, or support ("bless with their mouth") while simultaneously harboring deep malice, ill will, and a desire for harm ("curse inwardly"). Their external actions are a deceptive facade, concealing their true, malevolent intentions. This duplicity is a recurring theme in Scripture, condemned as a severe moral and spiritual failing, as seen in Jesus' condemnation of the Pharisees' outward piety contrasting sharply with their inward corruption and hypocrisy (Matthew 23:27-28). It highlights the danger of a divided heart, where words do not align with true intentions.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Psalms 62:4, while deeply rooted in David's personal struggle with deceptive enemies, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the life and ministry of Jesus Christ. Just as David's adversaries sought to cast him down from his "excellency" through lies and hypocrisy, so too did the religious leaders and political powers conspire against Jesus, the true King of Israel and the Son of God. They "delighted in lies," fabricating false accusations against Him during His trial (Matthew 26:59-60), and demonstrated profound hypocrisy, outwardly feigning piety and concern for the law while inwardly plotting His death (John 11:47-50). They "blessed with their mouth" in mockery, hailing Him as "King of the Jews" (Matthew 27:29) even as they inwardly cursed Him and demanded His crucifixion. Yet, precisely through this ultimate act of betrayal and apparent "casting down," God's greater plan of salvation was accomplished. Jesus' "excellency" was not diminished but rather glorified through His suffering, death, and resurrection. He became the ultimate Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29), and was then exalted to the highest place, above every name, by God the Father (Philippians 2:9-11). Thus, the treachery described in Psalms 62:4 foreshadows the divine paradox where human malice, aimed at destruction, ultimately serves God's redemptive purpose, leading to the greater exaltation of His Christ and the salvation of humanity.