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“Adherence to Instruction and the Adultery Trap”· Proverbs 6:20–35
Translation
King James Version
But whoso committeth adultery with a woman lacketh understanding: he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul.
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KJV (with Strong's)
But whoso committeth adultery H5003 with a woman H802 lacketh H2638 understanding H3820: he that doeth H6213 it destroyeth H7843 his own soul H5315.
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Complete Jewish Bible
He who commits adultery lacks sense; he who does it destroys himself.
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Berean Standard Bible
He who commits adultery lacks judgment; whoever does so destroys himself.
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American Standard Version
He that committeth adultery with a woman is void of understanding: He doeth it who would destroy his own soul.
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World English Bible Messianic
He who commits adultery with a woman is void of understanding. He who does it destroys his own soul.
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Geneva Bible (1599)
But he that committeth adulterie with a woman, he is destitute of vnderstanding: he that doeth it, destroyeth his owne soule.
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Young's Literal Translation
He who committeth adultery with a woman lacketh heart, He is destroying his soul who doth it.
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In the KJVVerse 16,573 of 31,102 · 53.3%

Study This Verse

Summary

Proverbs 6:32 delivers a profound and unyielding warning against the act of adultery, portraying it not merely as a moral transgression but as a fundamental deficiency in wisdom and discernment. The verse unequivocally declares that the individual who engages in such an act demonstrates a profound "lack of understanding," leading inevitably to a comprehensive and self-inflicted destruction of their very being, encompassing their character, reputation, and spiritual vitality. This declaration underscores the inherent, devastating consequences of sexual immorality, emphasizing that the perpetrator inflicts deep and lasting harm upon themselves, revealing a profound lack of foresight in choosing a path of ruin over the way of life and integrity.

Context

Literary Context

Proverbs 6:32 serves as a powerful culmination within an extended and urgent discourse (Proverbs 5-7) where a father, embodying the voice of wisdom, passionately instructs his son on the grave dangers of sexual immorality, particularly concerning the "strange woman" or adulteress. This section is replete with vivid metaphors, stark contrasts, and dire warnings, juxtaposing the fleeting, deceptive pleasure of illicit encounters with their inevitable, bitter, and ruinous end. The preceding verses in Proverbs 6 detail the severe external consequences of adultery, including financial devastation, irreparable loss of reputation, and the fierce, unyielding wrath of an enraged husband, as powerfully illustrated in Proverbs 6:34-35. Therefore, this verse transcends the external repercussions, serving as a theological summation that highlights the internal, self-inflicted damage inherent in such a transgression, firmly placing adultery within the realm of profound folly that leads to spiritual and personal death, in stark opposition to the path of wisdom that leads to life and flourishing.

Historical & Cultural Context

In ancient Israelite society, marriage was far more than a personal arrangement; it was a foundational covenant institution, essential for the stability, honor, and continuity of family, clan, and the broader community. Adultery, especially by a married woman, was regarded as an exceptionally grave offense, constituting a direct violation of the sacred marital covenant, a profound affront to the husband's honor, and a trespass against his property rights. The Mosaic Law prescribed the death penalty for both parties involved in adultery, as stipulated in Leviticus 20:10 and Deuteronomy 22:22. Beyond these severe legal ramifications, adultery carried immense social stigma, leading to public disgrace, ostracism, and the very real potential for violent blood feuds initiated by the wronged husband's family. Proverbs 6:32, while not explicitly detailing legal penalties, deeply resonates with this pervasive cultural understanding of adultery as an act that shatters not only societal norms and individual integrity but also violates divine commands, inevitably resulting in profound personal, familial, and communal disruption.

Key Themes

Proverbs 6:32 powerfully reinforces several overarching themes central to the book of Proverbs and the broader wisdom literature. Firstly, it starkly highlights the theme of Wisdom vs. Folly, unequivocally categorizing adultery as an act of profound foolishness, a direct antithesis to the discerning judgment that true wisdom imparts. The "lack of understanding" is not mere intellectual ignorance but a willful blindness to divine truth, moral principles, and practical consequences. Secondly, the verse underscores the Inescapable Consequences of Sin, particularly emphasizing that sin is never a victimless act but carries inherent, often self-inflicted, repercussions. The "destruction of one's own soul" speaks to a holistic ruin that extends far beyond external circumstances or reputation, penetrating to one's character, spiritual well-being, and very essence. Thirdly, it implicitly upholds the Sanctity of Marriage and Sexual Purity, presenting the marital covenant as a sacred boundary established by God, the violation of which brings severe judgment. This aligns perfectly with the Ten Commandments, specifically the prohibition against adultery found in Exodus 20:14. Finally, the verse powerfully conveys the theme of Personal Responsibility, asserting that the individual who commits adultery is the primary agent of their own destruction, bearing the ultimate responsibility for the devastating outcomes that ensue.

Exposition and Analysis

Key Word Analysis

Committeth adultery nâʼaph' H5003

A primitive root meaning "to commit adultery." Figuratively, it can also mean "to apostatize," indicating a breach of covenantal faithfulness not only in marriage but also with God. In this context, it refers to the literal act of sexual infidelity, the violation of the sacred marital covenant. The use of this strong verb immediately establishes the profound gravity of the transgression, highlighting it as a direct breach of one of God's fundamental moral laws and a deep betrayal of trust.

Lacketh châçêr' H2638

Meaning "lacking; hence, without; destitute, fail, have need, void, want." This word, combined with "understanding" (Hebrew, lêb' - H3820, "the heart," which in Hebrew thought encompasses not only emotions but also intellect, will, and moral discernment), paints a picture of profound deficiency. It's not merely a momentary lapse or intellectual oversight but a fundamental absence of sound judgment, foresight, and moral insight. One who "lacks understanding" in this sense is spiritually blind, unable to grasp the true nature and devastating consequences of their actions, choosing folly over the path of wisdom.

Destroyeth shâchath' H7843

A primitive root meaning "to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively); batter, cast off, corrupt(-er, thing), destroy(-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill, spoiler, [idiom] utterly, waste(-r)." This powerful and comprehensive verb, coupled with "his own soul" (Hebrew, nephesh' - H5315, referring to the whole person, life, vitality, and self), indicates a comprehensive and self-inflicted ruin. The destruction is not merely external or reputational but penetrates to the very core of one's being, corrupting character, vitality, inner peace, and spiritual integrity. It signifies a profound and often irreversible marring of the individual.

Verse Breakdown

"But whoso committeth adultery with a woman lacketh understanding:"

This opening clause immediately identifies the subject and their defining characteristic. The act of adultery is presented not as a passionate mistake but as a clear and undeniable indicator of a profound intellectual and moral deficiency. It suggests that such a person is not merely making a poor choice but demonstrating a fundamental inability to discern wisdom from folly, to weigh long-term consequences against fleeting desires, or to grasp the inherent value of fidelity and the sanctity of covenants. Their actions reveal a spiritual blindness to the truth of God's design for human flourishing and the inherently destructive nature of sin.

"he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul."

This second clause reveals the inevitable, comprehensive, and devastating outcome of the act. The phrase "he that doeth it" directly links the action to the consequence, emphasizing personal agency, accountability, and the self-inflicted nature of the harm. The "destruction of his own soul" is a holistic ruin, encompassing not just physical life or social standing, but the very essence of the person – their character, reputation, inner peace, spiritual vitality, and potential for a flourishing life. It is a profound, self-inflicted wound that corrupts, wastes, and ultimately diminishes the individual's entire being.

Literary Devices

Proverbs 6:32 employs several potent literary devices to convey its urgent and uncompromising warning. Parallelism, a foundational characteristic of Hebrew poetry, is evident in the two clauses, where the act of adultery in the first clause is directly linked to the consequence of self-destruction in the second, powerfully reinforcing the cause-and-effect relationship. The phrase "lacketh understanding" functions as a profound Metaphor for spiritual and moral blindness; it does not denote a mere lack of intellectual capacity but a deep deficiency in wisdom and discernment, implying a willful failure to grasp the true nature of reality and the dire consequences of one's choices. This also creates a striking Irony, as an act often perceived as driven by intense desire or passion is revealed by the text as an act of profound folly and irrationality. The declaration that one "destroyeth his own soul" employs Hyperbole to emphasize the comprehensive and devastating nature of the ruin, extending beyond mere physical or social consequences to the very core of one's being, though it also contains a literal truth about the profound, holistic damage inflicted. The entire verse functions as a stark Warning, a common didactic device in wisdom literature, designed to deter the reader from a destructive path by vividly portraying its dire and inescapable outcomes.

Theological and Thematic Connections

Proverbs 6:32 profoundly articulates a core biblical truth: sin, particularly sexual sin, is not merely an external transgression against a divine command but an internal corruption that fundamentally harms the perpetrator. This verse resonates deeply with the broader theological understanding that true wisdom is rooted in the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10), and a departure from this wisdom inevitably leads to self-inflicted ruin. The "destruction of the soul" speaks to the comprehensive nature of sin's impact, affecting one's spiritual vitality, moral integrity, inner peace, and ultimately, one's relationship with God. It underscores God's perfect design for human flourishing within the boundaries of His moral law, particularly concerning the sanctity of marriage as a divine covenant. The warning serves as a timeless reminder that actions have inherent and often devastating consequences, affirming the biblical principle that those who sow to the flesh will inevitably reap corruption (Galatians 6:7-8).

Hosea 4:1-2Describes a land where there is no faithfulness, no love, and no acknowledgment of God, but only swearing, deception, murder, stealing, and adultery, leading to the land mourning and its inhabitants wasting away.
Romans 1:28-32Details how God gives people over to a debased mind when they suppress the truth, leading to all forms of unrighteousness, including sexual immorality, and knowing God's righteous decree, they still practice and approve of such things.
Hebrews 13:4Declares that "Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral," emphasizing the divine judgment awaiting those who violate this sacred institution.

Reflection and Application

Proverbs 6:32 serves as an enduring and urgent call to sexual purity and a profound warning against the deceptive allure of infidelity. In a contemporary society that often trivializes, normalizes, or even celebrates sexual promiscuity, this verse stands as a stark and counter-cultural reminder of the devastating personal cost of such choices. It compels us to recognize that adultery is not merely a momentary lapse in judgment or a private affair with limited impact, but an act of profound foolishness that inflicts comprehensive and lasting damage upon the individual's character, conscience, relationships, and spiritual well-being. Understanding that the ultimate victim of adultery is often the perpetrator themselves should instill a deep sense of caution, a commitment to guard our hearts and minds, and a sober awareness of the holistic ruin that accompanies such sin. This verse challenges us to embrace God's design for sexuality within the covenant of marriage, fostering integrity, self-control, and a diligent pursuit of wisdom that leads to life, wholeness, and genuine flourishing, rather than the path of self-destruction.

Questions for Reflection

  1. In what ways might a "lack of understanding" manifest in choices regarding sexual purity and marital fidelity in our modern context?
  2. How does the concept of "destroying one's own soul" challenge prevailing cultural narratives that often separate actions from their deeper, internal, and spiritual consequences?
  3. What practical steps can individuals proactively take to "guard their hearts" and minds against the pervasive temptations of sexual immorality in a culture that often normalizes and promotes it?
  4. How can a deeper understanding of the severe, self-inflicted consequences of adultery, as described in this verse, strengthen our personal and communal commitment to honoring the sanctity of marriage as a divine institution?
  5. Beyond the individual, how does widespread sexual immorality, particularly adultery, impact the foundational fabric of families, communities, and society at large, reflecting the "destruction" warned about here?

FAQ

Does "destroyeth his own soul" mean eternal damnation?

While the term "soul" (Hebrew: nephesh) can certainly refer to the eternal spirit or the inner being, in Proverbs 6:32, its primary emphasis is on the comprehensive ruin of the whole person, their life, vitality, and very essence in this earthly existence. Therefore, "destroyeth his own soul" speaks to a profound and multifaceted self-inflicted corruption that encompasses one's character, reputation, inner peace, physical health (potentially through disease or violence), social standing, and spiritual well-being within the context of one's life and relationships. It implies a deep, self-inflicted corruption and waste of one's potential and God-given essence. While such actions undeniably carry eternal ramifications and reflect a life lived contrary to God's wisdom, which ultimately leads to spiritual death (Romans 6:23), the immediate and primary emphasis in Proverbs is on the devastating consequences experienced within one's earthly life and the profound damage to one's holistic being.

Why is adultery considered such a severe sin in Proverbs?

Adultery is considered an exceptionally severe sin in the book of Proverbs for multiple interconnected reasons. Firstly, it is a direct and egregious violation of God's explicit commandment, the seventh commandment, "You shall not commit adultery" (Exodus 20:14). Secondly, it fundamentally breaks the sacred covenant of marriage, an institution divinely established and foundational to societal order, individual well-being, and the very fabric of community in biblical thought. Thirdly, as Proverbs 6:32 powerfully highlights, it demonstrates a profound "lack of understanding" or wisdom, leading inevitably to self-destruction. The book of Proverbs consistently presents a binary choice between the path of wisdom (which leads to life, flourishing, and blessing) and the path of folly (which leads to death, ruin, and curse). Adultery is unequivocally placed in the category of folly due to its devastating and far-reaching consequences on one's reputation, finances, family relationships, and, most critically, the "soul" or entire being of the perpetrator (Proverbs 5:7-14).

Christ-Centered Fulfillment

Proverbs 6:32, with its stark warning against the self-destructive nature of adultery and the profound "lack of understanding" it represents, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament law primarily condemned the outward act of adultery, Jesus elevated the standard to the very core of human desire, declaring that even lustful thoughts constitute adultery in God's eyes (Matthew 5:28). This profound redefinition reveals that true "understanding" (or the "heart" in Hebrew thought, encompassing intellect, will, and emotion) is not merely intellectual adherence to external laws but a moral and spiritual purity that aligns perfectly with Christ's emphasis on internal transformation. The "destruction of his own soul" vividly foreshadows the spiritual death and alienation from God that sin universally brings, a condition that Jesus came precisely to reverse. As the incarnate Wisdom of God (1_Corinthians 1:30), Christ offers not only the true understanding and discernment that enables one to flee from such destructive paths but also the power to live a life of purity. Through His atoning sacrifice on the cross, Jesus bore the destructive consequences of our sin, including all forms of sexual immorality, offering complete forgiveness and the transformative power to overcome its grip (1_Corinthians 6:18-20). He not only warns against self-destruction but provides the exclusive path to true life, wholeness, and spiritual vitality, transforming the "soul" corrupted by sin into a dwelling place for the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:1-4), enabling believers to live lives of purity that honor God and preserve their very being for eternity.

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Public-domain commentary

Matthew Henry

From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Proverbs 6:20–35. His four-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.

1662–1714 · 16 verses
Passage under commentProverbs 6:20–35
I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points(1.) (2.) Details[1.] [2.] Fine details

Here is, I. A general exhortation faithfully to adhere to the word of God and to take it for our guide in all our actions.

1.We must look upon the word of God both as a light (Pro 6:23) and as a law, Pro 6:20, Pro 6:23.

(1.)By its arguments it is a light, which our understandings must subscribe to; it is a lamp to our eyes for discovery, and so to our feet for direction. The word of God reveals to us truths of eternal certainty, and is built upon the highest reason. Scripture-light is the sure light.

(2.)By its authority it is a law, which our wills must submit to. As never such a light shone out of the schools of the philosophers, so never such a law issued from the throne of any prince, so well framed, and so binding. It is such a law as is a lamp and a light, for it carries with it the evidence of its own goodness.

2.We must receive it as our father's commandment and the law of our mother, Pro 6:20. It is God's commandment and his law. But,

(1.)Our parents directed us to it, put it into our hands, trained us up in the knowledge and observance of it, its original and obligation being most sacred. We believe indeed, not for their saying, for we have tried it ourselves and find it to be of God; but we were beholden to them for recommending it to us, and see all the reason in the world to continue in the things we have learned, knowing of whom we have learned them.

(2.)The cautions, counsels, and commands which our parents gave us agree with the word of God, and therefore we must hold them fast. Children, when they are grown up, must remember the law of a good mother, as well as the commandment of a good father, Ecclesiasticus 3:2. The Lord has given the father honour over the children and has confirmed the authority of the mother over the sons.

3.We must retain the word of God and the good instructions which our parents gave us out of it. (1.) We must never cast them off, never think it a mighty achievement (as some do) to get clear of the restraints of a good education: "Keep thy father's commandment, keep it still, and never forsake it." (2.) We must never lay them by, no, not for a time (Pro 6:21): Bind them continually, not only upon thy hand (as Moses had directed, Deu 6:8) but upon thy heart. Phylacteries upon the hand were of no value at all, any further than they occasioned pious thoughts and affections in the heart. There the word must be written, there it must be hid, and laid close to the conscience. Tie them about thy neck, as an ornament, a bracelet, or gold chain, - about thy throat (so the word is); let them be a guard upon that pass; tie them about thy throat, that no forbidden fruit may be suffered to go in nor any evil word suffered to go out through the throat; and thus a great deal of sin would be prevented. Let the word of God be always ready to us, and let us feel the impressions of it, as of that which is bound upon our hearts and about our necks.

4.We must make use of the word of God and of the benefit that is designed us by it. If we bind it continually upon our hearts, (1.) It will be our guide, and we must follow its direction. "When thou goest, it shall lead thee (Pro 6:22); it shall lead thee into, and lead thee in, the good and right way, shall lead thee from, and lead thee out of, every sinful dangerous path. It will say unto thee, when thou art ready to turn aside, This is the way; walk in it. It will be that to thee that the pillar of cloud and fire was to Israel in the wilderness. Be led by that, let it be thy rule, and then thou shalt be led by the Spirit; he will be thy monitor and support." (2.) It will be our guard, and we must put ourselves under the protection of it: "When thou sleepest, and liest exposed to the malignant powers of darkness, it shall keep thee; thou shalt be safe, and shalt think thyself so." If we govern ourselves by the precepts of the word all day, and make conscience of the duty God has commanded to us, we may shelter ourselves under the promises of the word at night, and take the comfort of the deliverances God does and will command for us. (3.) It will be our companion, and we must converse with it: "When thou awakest in the night, and knowest not how to pass away thy waking minutes, if thou pleasest, it shall talk with thee, and entertain thee with pleasant meditations in the night-watch; when thou awakest in the morning, and art contriving the work of the day, it shall talk with thee about it, and help thee to contrive for the best," Psa 1:2. The word of God has something to say to us upon all occasions, if we would but enter into discourse with it, would ask it what it has to say, and give it the hearing. And it would contribute to our close and comfortable walking with God all day if we would begin with him in the morning and let his word be the subject of our first thoughts. When I awake I am still with thee; we are so if the word be still with us. (4.) It will be our life; for, as the law is a lamp and a light for the present, so the reproofs of instruction are the way of life. Those reproofs of the word which not only show us our faults, but instruct us how to do better, are the way that leads to life, eternal life. Let not faithful reproofs therefore, which have such a direct tendency to make us happy, ever make us uneasy.

II.Here is a particular caution against the sin of uncleanness.

1.When we consider how much this iniquity abounds, how heinous it is in its own nature, of what pernicious consequence it is, and how certainly destructive to all the seeds of the spiritual life in the soul, we shall not wonder that the cautions against it are so often repeated and so largely inculcated.

(1.)One great kindness God designed men, in giving them his law, was to preserve them from this sin, Pro 6:24. "The reproofs of instruction are therefore the way of life to thee, because they are designed to keep thee from the evil woman, who will be certain death to thee, from being enticed by the flattery of the tongue of a strange woman, who pretends to love thee, but intends to ruin thee." Those that will be wrought upon by flattery make themselves a very easy prey to the tempter; and those who would avoid that snare must take well-instructed reproofs as great kindnesses and be thankful to those that will deal faithfully with them, Pro 27:5, Pro 27:6.

(2.)The greatest kindness we can do ourselves is to keep at a distance from this sin, and to look upon it with the utmost dread and detestation (Pro 6:25): "Lust not after her beauty, no, not in thy heart, for, if thou dost, thou hast there already committed adultery with her. Talk not of the charms in her face, neither be thou smitten with her amorous glances; they are all snares and nets; let her not take thee with her eye-lids. Her looks are arrows and fiery darts; they wound, they kill, in another sense than what lovers mean; they call it a pleasing captivity, but it is a destroying one, it is worse than Egyptian slavery."

2.Divers arguments Solomon here urges to enforce this caution against the sin of whoredom.

(1.)It is a sin that impoverishes men, wastes their estates, and reduces them to beggary (Pro 6:26): By means of a whorish woman a man is brought to a piece of bread; many a man has been so, who has purchased the ruin of his body and soul at the expense of his wealth. The prodigal son spent his living on harlots, so that he brought himself to be fellow-commoner with the swine. And that poverty must needs lie heavily which men bring themselves into by their own folly, Job 31:12.

(2.)It threatens death; it kills men: The adulteress will hunt for the precious life, perhaps designedly, as Delilah for Samson's, at least, eventually, the sin strikes at the life. Adultery was punished by the law of Moses as a capital crime. The adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death. Every one knew this. Those therefore who, for the gratifying of a base lust, would lay themselves open to the law, could be reckoned no better than self-murderers.

(3.)It brings guilt upon the conscience and debauches that. He that touches his neighbour's wife, with an immodest touch, cannot be innocent, Pro 6:29.

[1.]He is in imminent danger of adultery, as he that takes fire in his bosom, or goes upon hot coals, is in danger of being burnt. The way of this sin is down-hill, and those that venture upon the temptations to it hardly escape the sin itself. The fly fools away her life by playing the wanton with the flames. It is a deep pit, which it is madness to venture upon the brink of. He that keeps company with those of ill fame, that goes in with them, and touches them, cannot long preserve his innocency; he thrusts himself into temptation and so throws himself out of God's protection.

[2.]He that commits adultery is in the high road to destruction. The bold presumptuous sinner says, "I may venture upon the sin and yet escape the punishment; I shall have peace though I go on." He might as well say, I will take fire into my bosom and not burn my clothes, or I will go upon hot coals and not burn my feet. He that goes into his neighbour's wife, however he holds himself, God will not hold him guiltless. The fire of lust kindles the fire of hell.

(4.)It ruins the reputation and entails perpetual infamy upon that. It is a much more scandalous sin than stealing is, Pro 6:30-33. Perhaps it is not so in the account of men, at least not in our day. A thief is sent to the stocks, to the gaol, to Bridewell, to the gallows, while the vile adulterer goes unpunished, nay, with many, unblemished; he dares boast of his villanies, and they are made but a jest of. But, in the account of God and his law, adultery was much the more enormous crime; and, if God is the fountain of honour, his word must be the standard of it.

[1.]As for the sin of stealing, if a man were brought to it by extreme necessity, if he stole meat for the satisfying of his soul when he was hungry, though that will not excuse him from guilt, yet it is such an extenuation of his crime that men do not despise him, do not expose him to ignominy, but pity him. Hunger will break through stone-walls, and blame will be laid upon those that brought him to poverty, or that did not relieve him. Nay, though he have not that to say in his excuse, if he be found stealing, and the evidence be ever so plain upon him, yet he shall only make restitution seven-fold. The law of Moses appointed that he who stole a sheep should restore four-fold, and an ox five-fold (Exo 22:1); accordingly David adjudged, Sa2 12:6. But we may suppose in those cases concerning which the law had not made provision the judges afterwards settled the penalties in proportion to the crimes, according to the equity of the law. Now, if he that stole an ox out of a man's field must restore five-fold, it was reasonable that he that stole a man's goods out of his house should restore seven-fold; for there was no law to put him to death, as with us, for burglary and robbery on the highway, and of this worst kind of theft Solomon here speaks; the greatest punishment was that a man might be forced to give all the substance of his house to satisfy the law and his blood was not attainted. But,

[2.]Committing adultery is a more heinous crime; Job calls it so, and an iniquity to be punished by the judge, Job 31:11. When Nathan would convict David of the evil of his adultery he did it by a parable concerning the most aggravated theft, which, in David's judgment, deserved to be punished with death (Sa2 12:5), and then showed him that his sin was more exceedingly sinful than that. First, It is a greater reproach to a man's reason, for he cannot excuse it, as a thief may, by saying that it was to satisfy his hunger, but must own that it was to gratify a brutish lust which would break the hedge of God's law, not for want, but for wantonness. Therefore whoso commits adultery with a woman lacks understanding, and deserves to be stigmatized as an arrant fool. Secondly, It is more severely punished by the law of God. A thief suffered only a pecuniary mulct, but the adulterer suffered death. The thief steals to satisfy his soul, but the adulterer destroys his own soul, and falls an unpitied sacrifice to the justice both of God and man. "Sinner, thou hast destroyed thyself." This may be applied to the spiritual and eternal death which is the consequence of sin; he that does it wounds his conscience, corrupts his rational power, extinguishes all the sparks of the spiritual life, and exposes himself to the wrath of God for ever, and thus destroys his own soul. Thirdly, The infamy of it is indelible, Pro 6:33. It will be a wound to his good name, a dishonour to his family, and, though the guilt of it may be done away by repentance, the reproach of it never will, but will stick to his memory when he is gone. David's sin in the matter of Uriah was not only a perpetual blemish upon his own character, but gave occasion to the enemies of the Lord to blaspheme his name too.

(5.)It exposes the adulterer to the rage of the jealous husband, whose honour he puts such an affront upon, Pro 6:34, Pro 6:35. He that touches his neighbour's wife, and is familiar with her, gives him occasion for jealousy, much more he that debauches her, which, if kept ever so secret, might then be discovered by the waters of jealousy, Num 5:12. "When discovered, thou hadst better meet a bear robbed of her whelps than the injured husband, who, in the case of adultery, will be as severe an avenger of his own honour as, in the case of manslaughter, of his brother's blood. If thou art not afraid of the wrath of God, yet be afraid of the rage of a man. Such jealousy is; it is strong as death and cruel as the grave. In the day of vengeance, when the adulterer comes to be tried for his life, the prosecutor will not spare any pains or cost in the prosecution, will not relent towards thee, as he would perhaps towards one that had robbed him. He will not accept of any commutation, any composition; he will not regard any ransom. Though thou offer to bribe him, and give him many gifts to pacify him, he will not rest content with any thing less than the execution of the law. Thou must be stoned to death. If a man would give all the substance of his house, it would atone for a theft (Pro 6:31), but not for adultery; in that case it would utterly be contemned. Stand in awe therefore, and sin not; expose not thyself to all this misery for a moment's sordid pleasure, which will be bitterness in the end."

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Historical interpretation

Historical Reception

2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.

2 quotes · AD 407–500
Post-Nicene
400500

Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.

AD 407John ChrysostomPost-NiceneSourceHOMILIES CONCERNING THE STATUES 10:11
Not every sin brings the same penalty, but those which are easiest to be amended bring upon us the greatest punishment. Solomon indeed intimated this when he said, “It is not wonderful if anyone be taken while stealing, for he steals that he may satisfy his soul that is hungry, but the adulterer by lack of understanding destroys his own soul.” But what he means is to this effect. The thief is a grievous offender, but not so grievous a one as the adulterer. For the former, though he has a sorry reason for his conduct, yet at the same time has to plead the necessity arising from indigence. But the latter, when no necessity compels him, by his mere madness rushes into the abyss of iniquity.
AD 500Salvian the PresbyterPost-NiceneSourceTHE GOVERNANCE OF GOD 4:3
If slaves are thieves, they are perhaps forced to steal through want. Even though the customary allowances are given, these allowances satisfy custom rather than sufficiency and thus fulfill the law without fulfilling the need. Their indulgence makes their fault less blameworthy, because the guilt of the thief who is unwillingly forced into theft is excusable. Holy Scripture seems to excuse in part the offense of the needy when it says, “The fault is not so great when a man has stolen, for he steals to feed his hungry soul.”
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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