Nehemiah 11:28

KJV

And at Ziklag, and at Mekonah, and in the villages thereof,

KJV (with Strong's)

And at Ziklag {H6860}, and at Mekonah {H4368}, and in the villages {H1323} thereof,

Complete Jewish Bible

in Ziklag, in M'khonah and its villages,

Berean Standard Bible

in Ziklag; in Meconah and its villages;

American Standard Version

and in Ziklag, and in Meconah and in the towns thereof,

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Nehemiah 11:28 is a concise yet significant verse within a detailed register of towns and villages repopulated by the returning Jewish exiles after the rebuilding of Jerusalem's walls. It specifically names Ziklag and Mekonah, along with their surrounding villages, as locations where the descendants of Judah re-established their presence. This verse underscores the comprehensive nature of the post-exilic restoration, highlighting not only the re-establishment of the capital but also the methodical re-inhabitation of the broader ancestral land of Judah, fulfilling divine promises and securing the nation's future.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Nehemiah 11 marks a crucial shift in the book's narrative. Following the completion of Jerusalem's walls in [Nehemiah 6](/nehemiah/6 "Nehemiah 6 - Completion of the Wall") and the subsequent covenant renewal and dedication ceremonies in [Nehemiah 8-10](/nehemiah/8 "Nehemiah 8 - Reading of the Law"), the focus turns to the repopulation of the city and the surrounding territories. This chapter provides a meticulous list of the families and their dwelling places, emphasizing the organized effort to re-establish a vibrant and secure community throughout Judah and Benjamin. The listing of towns like Ziklag and Mekonah demonstrates the thoroughness of this administrative and communal undertaking, ensuring that the land was not left desolate but actively inhabited by the returned exiles, thus solidifying their claim and presence after generations of dispersion.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The period described in Nehemiah is the mid-5th century BCE, during the Persian Empire's rule. The Jewish people had returned from Babylonian exile, a seventy-year period of displacement prophesied by Jeremiah (cf. [Jeremiah 29:10](/jeremiah/29-10 "Jeremiah 29:10 - Prophecy of Seventy Years of Exile")). Upon their return, Jerusalem was in ruins, and the surrounding land was sparsely populated or inhabited by various foreign groups. The repopulation effort was not merely an administrative task but a theological imperative, reflecting God's faithfulness to His covenant promises to restore His people to their land (e.g., [Ezekiel 36:24-38](/ezekiel/36-24 "Ezekiel 36:24-38 - Restoration of Israel")). Culturally, re-establishing a settled, agricultural society was vital for economic stability, defense, and the preservation of their distinct identity and religious practices. Ziklag, located in the Negev, near Philistine territory, would have been a strategic outpost, while Mekonah, though less known, contributed to the overall density and security of the Judean presence.
* **Key Themes:** This verse, as part of [Nehemiah 11](/nehemiah/11 "Nehemiah 11 - Repopulation of Jerusalem and Judah"), encapsulates several profound themes. The most prominent is **Restoration and Repopulation**, highlighting God's faithfulness in bringing His people back to their ancestral land and enabling them to rebuild not just structures but communities. This meticulous listing also underscores **Divine Providence**, demonstrating God's sovereign hand guiding every detail of the return and resettlement, ensuring the continuity of His covenant people. Furthermore, it speaks to the importance of **Community and Order**, as the organized repopulation was essential for establishing a stable society, maintaining the purity of worship, and securing the future of the nation. The reclaiming of places like Ziklag, with its troubled past (cf. [1 Samuel 30:1-20](/1_samuel/30-1 "1 Samuel 30:1-20 - David's Recovery from Ziklag")), powerfully illustrates the theme of **Reclamation and Hope**, signifying a new beginning for a people once devastated.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Ziklag (צִקְלַג, _Tsiqlag'_):** This town holds significant historical weight in the Old Testament. Located in the southern Negev region, it was famously given to David by Achish, king of Gath, during David's flight from Saul (cf. [1 Samuel 27:6](/1_samuel/27-6 "1 Samuel 27:6 - Ziklag Given to David")). It was later raided and burned by the Amalekites, leading to David's pursuit and recovery of all that was lost (cf. [1 Samuel 30:1-20](/1_samuel/30-1 "1 Samuel 30:1-20 - Amalekite Raid on Ziklag")). Its inclusion here signifies not just a geographical location but a reclaiming of a historically significant Judean outpost, symbolizing the full restoration of the land to its rightful inhabitants after the exile.
* **Mekonah (מְכֹנָה, _Mekonah'_):** Less prominent in biblical history than Ziklag, Mekonah is likely a smaller settlement or village. Its name might be related to a root meaning "place" or "foundation," which, if so, would subtly underscore its role in the re-establishment of the nation's foundation. Its inclusion in this detailed list, despite its obscurity, highlights the comprehensive and meticulous nature of the repopulation effort, which extended beyond well-known cities to encompass all viable areas of the ancestral land.
* **Villages (חֲצֵרִים, _chatserim'_):** This term refers to the surrounding, often unwalled, settlements or hamlets dependent on a larger town. Its inclusion emphasizes that the repopulation was not confined to urban centers but extended to the rural and agricultural areas crucial for the sustenance and economic viability of the returned community. It paints a picture of a thorough and widespread re-inhabitation of the land, vital for securing territorial claims and ensuring the long-term flourishing of the Jewish nation.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And at Ziklag":** This clause specifically names a key location in the southern part of Judah. The re-establishment of a Jewish presence in Ziklag was significant not only for its historical ties to David but also for its strategic importance on the borderlands, indicating the comprehensive nature of the resettlement and the reclaiming of all ancestral territories.
* **"and at Mekonah":** The mention of Mekonah, a less historically prominent site, underscores the meticulous detail of the census. It shows that the repopulation effort was thorough, extending to smaller, perhaps less strategic, but equally important settlements, ensuring that no part of the promised land was overlooked in the re-establishment of the Jewish presence.
* **"and in the villages thereof":** This concluding phrase broadens the scope beyond the named towns. It indicates that the repopulation included not just the main urban centers but also the numerous smaller, outlying communities and agricultural areas dependent on them. This detail is crucial, as these "villages" represented the agricultural backbone of the society, vital for food production and the overall economic and demographic density of the restored nation. It signifies a complete and holistic re-inhabitation of the land.

#### Literary Devices
Nehemiah 11:28, as part of a larger section, primarily employs **Catalogue** or **List** as its dominant literary device. The meticulous enumeration of towns and villages throughout the chapter serves to emphasize the thoroughness, order, and administrative effort involved in the repopulation of Judah. This detailed listing provides **Geographical Specificity**, grounding the narrative in tangible reality and highlighting the physical reclamation of the ancestral land. The inclusion of places like Ziklag, with its rich history, also introduces an element of **Allusion**, subtly referencing past events and underscoring the continuity of God's people in the land despite periods of exile and devastation. The very act of naming these places, once desolate, now reinhabited, carries a powerful **Symbolism** of restoration, hope, and the fulfillment of divine promises.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Nehemiah 11:28, though a simple listing of places, is deeply saturated with theological significance. It stands as a tangible testament to God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant promises, particularly the promise of land and the restoration of His people after exile. The meticulous repopulation of these towns and their surrounding villages demonstrates that God's plan for Israel's restoration was comprehensive, extending beyond the rebuilding of the temple and walls to the re-establishment of a thriving, settled community throughout the land. It underscores the divine sovereignty that orchestrates even the seemingly mundane details of resettlement, ensuring that His purposes for His people and their inheritance are brought to fruition. This act of re-inhabitation is a powerful visual of God's redemptive work, turning desolation into dwelling, and scattered remnants into a re-gathered nation.

* [Jeremiah 32:44](/jeremiah/32-44 "Jeremiah 32:44 - Prophecy of Buying Fields and Repopulation")
* [Ezekiel 36:33-35](/ezekiel/36-33 "Ezekiel 36:33-35 - Land Made Fruitful Again")
* [Isaiah 43:5-6](/isaiah/43-5 "Isaiah 43:5-6 - God Gathers His People from Afar")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The detailed enumeration of towns like Ziklag and Mekonah in Nehemiah 11:28 might seem like a mere historical record, yet it offers profound lessons for contemporary believers. It reminds us that God's redemptive work is often carried out through meticulous attention to detail, even in seemingly ordinary or administrative tasks. Just as the Israelites diligently re-established their presence in every corner of their land, we are called to be faithful stewards and active participants in building and strengthening the communities where God has placed us—our families, churches, workplaces, and neighborhoods. This verse encourages us to value the "small" acts of faithfulness, the everyday commitment to rooting ourselves and contributing to the flourishing of our immediate spheres. The restoration of Ziklag, a place once devastated, serves as a powerful reminder that with God, even the broken can be made whole, and areas of spiritual or communal desolation can be repopulated with new life and purpose through diligent, Spirit-led effort.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does God's meticulous care for the repopulation of ancient Israel encourage you in the seemingly "small" details of your own life or community endeavors?**
* **In what ways are you called to "repopulate" or rebuild areas of brokenness or neglect in your sphere of influence, whether physically, spiritually, or relationally?**
* **How does the re-establishment of communities in ancient Israel inform your understanding of the importance of local church and Christian community today?**

### FAQ
**Why are these specific towns mentioned, especially the less prominent Mekonah?**

Answer: The mention of Ziklag, Mekonah, and their villages is part of a comprehensive list in Nehemiah 11 that details the repopulation of Judah and Benjamin after the Babylonian exile. Ziklag holds historical significance, famously associated with David (cf. [1 Samuel 27:6](/1_samuel/27-6 "1 Samuel 27:6 - Ziklag Given to David")). Its inclusion highlights the reclaiming of ancestral lands, especially those with a rich past. Mekonah, though less prominent in biblical history, is included to demonstrate the thoroughness of the resettlement effort. The list is not just about major cities but aims to show that the entire territory was being re-inhabited by the returned exiles, fulfilling God's promises for the land and establishing a secure, widespread Jewish presence.

**What is the significance of "villages thereof" in this context?**

Answer: The phrase "villages thereof" is crucial because it indicates that the repopulation effort extended beyond the main urban centers to include the smaller, often unwalled, settlements and agricultural areas that surrounded them. This detail emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the post-exilic rebuilding. It wasn't just about re-establishing cities but about creating a fully functioning society with its rural backbone, essential for agriculture, sustenance, and securing the entire territorial claim of Judah. It highlights the meticulous planning and execution involved in restoring the nation's demographic and economic vitality.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The physical repopulation of the land of Judah, meticulously detailed in Nehemiah 11:28, foreshadows the spiritual repopulation and restoration found in Christ. Just as the scattered exiles were gathered and resettled in their ancestral land, so too are those who were "far off" brought near and integrated into the new spiritual community of God's people through Jesus Christ. The meticulous care for the physical dwelling places in Judah points to God's even greater, meticulous work in building His spiritual temple, the Church, composed of believers from every tribe and nation (cf. [Ephesians 2:19-22](/ephesians/2-19 "Ephesians 2:19-22 - Fellow Citizens with the Saints")). Christ is the ultimate "rebuilder" and "restorer," not of physical walls and towns, but of broken humanity, creating a new people, a "holy nation," and a "royal priesthood" (cf. [1 Peter 2:9-10](/1_peter/2-9 "1 Peter 2:9-10 - A Chosen Race, a Holy Nation")). The promise of God dwelling among His people, once tied to a specific land, finds its ultimate fulfillment in Christ's incarnation and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, culminating in the new heavens and new earth where God Himself will dwell with His redeemed people forever (cf. [Revelation 21:1-4](/revelation/21-1 "Revelation 21:1-4 - New Heaven and New Earth")). The physical restoration in Nehemiah is a powerful type, pointing to the far grander, eternal spiritual restoration accomplished through the Lamb of God.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

1 Samuel 27:6

Then Achish gave him Ziklag that day: wherefore Ziklag pertaineth unto the kings of Judah unto this day.

Joshua 15:31

And Ziklag, and Madmannah, and Sansannah,