Study This Verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Micah 5:7–15. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
Glorious things are here spoken of the remnant of Jacob, that remnant which was raised of her that halted (Mic 4:7), and it seems to be that remnant which the Lord our God shall call (Joe 2:32), on whom the Spirit shall be poured out, the remnant that shall be saved, Rom 9:27. Note, God's people are but a remnant, a small number in comparison with the many that are left to perish, a little flock; but they are the remnant of Jacob, a people in covenant with God, and in his favour. Now concerning this remnant it is here promised,
I.That they shall be as a dew in the midst of the nations, Mic 5:7.
God's church is dispersed all the world over; it is in the midst of many people, as gold in the ore, wheat in the heap. Israel according to the flesh dwelt alone, and was not numbered among the nations; but the spiritual Israel lies scattered in the midst of many people, as the salt of the earth, or as seed sown in the ground, here a grain and there a grain, Hos 2:23. Now this remnant shall be as dew from the Lord.
1.They shall be of a heavenly extraction; as dew from the Lord, who is the Father of the rain, and has begotten the drops of the dew, Job 38:28. They are born from above, and are not of the earth, savouring the things of the earth.
2.They shall be numerous as the drops of dew in a summer's morning. Psa 110:3, Thou hast the dew of thy youth.
3.They shall be pure and clear, not muddy and corrupt, but crystal drops, as the water of life.
4.They shall be produced silently and without noise, as the dew that distils insensibly, we know not how; such is the way of the Spirit.
5.They shall live in a continual dependence upon God, and be still deriving from him, as the dew, which tarries not for man, not waits for the sons of men; they shall not rely upon human aids and powers, but on divine grace, for they are, and own that they are, no more than what the free grace of God makes them every day.
6.They shall be great blessings to those among whom they live, as the dew and the showers are to the grass, to make it grow without the help of man, or the sons of men. Their doctrine, example, and prayers, shall make them as dew, to soften and moisten others, and make them fruitful. Their speech shall distil as the dew (Deu 32:2), and all about them shall wait for them as for the rain, Job 29:23. The people among whom they live shall be as the grass, which flourishes only by the blessing of God, and not by the art and care of man; they shall be beneficial to those about them by drawing down God's blessings on them, as Jacob on Laban's house, and by cooling and mitigating God's wrath, which otherwise would burn them up, as the dew preserves the grass from being scorched by the sun; so Dr. Pocock; they shall be mild and gentle in their behaviour, like their Master, who comes down like rain upon the new-mown grass, Psa 72:6.
II.That they shall be as a lion among the beasts of the forest, that treads down and tears in pieces, Mic 5:8.
As they shall be silent, and gentle, and communicative of all good, to those that receive the truth in the love of it, so they shall be bold as a lion in witnessing against the corruptions of the times and places they live in, and strong as a lion, in the strength of God, to resist and overcome their spiritual enemies. The weapons of their warfare are mighty, through God, to the pulling down of strongholds, Co2 10:4, Co2 10:5. They shall have courage which all their adversaries shall not be able to resist (Luk 21:15), as when the lion tears none can deliver. When infidelity is silenced, and all iniquity made to stop her mouth, when sinners are convinced and converted by the power of the gospel, in the doctrine of its ministers and the conversation of its professors, then the remnant of Jacob is like a lion. This is explained, Mic 5:9, Thy hand shall be lifted up upon thy adversaries; the church shall have the upper hand at last of all that oppose her. Her enemies shall be cut off; they shall cease to be enemies; their enmity shall be cut off. Christ's arrows of conviction shall be sharp in their hearts, so that they shall fall under him; they shall yield themselves subjects to him (Psa 45:5) and be happily conquered and subdued, Psa 110:2.
III.That they shall be brought off from all carnal confidences, which they have relied on, that by the providence of God they shall enjoy such a security that they shall not need them, and by the grace of God they shall be brought to see the folly of them and come off from them. It was the sin of Israel that they furnished themselves extravagantly with horses and chariots, and were soothsayers and idolaters; see Isa 2:6-8. But here it is promised that they shall not regard them any more. The tranquillity of the kingdom of Christ is intended in that promise, which explains this, Zac 9:10, I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim and the horse from Jerusalem. Note, It is a great mercy to be deprived of those things in which we have reposed a confidence in competition with God, which we have made our arm, and after which we have gone a whoring from God. Let us observe the particulars: - 1. They had trusted in chariots and horses, and multiplied them (Psa 20:7); but now God will cut off their horses, and destroy their chariots (Mic 5:10), as David houghed the chariot-horses, Sa2 8:4. They shall not have them, lest they should be tempted to trust in them. 2. They depended upon their strongholds, and fortified cities, for their security; but God will take care that they be demolished (Mic 5:11): I will cut off the cities of thy land; I will throw down thy strongholds. They shall have them for habitations, but not for garrisons, for God will be their only place of defence, their high tower, and their deliverer. 3. Many of them depended much upon the conduct and advice of their conjurors, diviners, and fortune-tellers; and those God will cut off, not only as weak things, and insufficient to relieve them, but as wicked things, and sufficient to ruin them (Mic 5:12): "I will cut off witchcrafts out of thy hand, that thou shalt no more take hold of them, and stay thyself upon them, and thou shalt have no more soothsayers, for thou shalt be convinced that all their pretensions are a cheat." The justice of the nation shall cut them off according to law, Lev 20:27. the preaching of the gospel brought men off from using curious arts, Act 19:19. 4. Many of them had said to the work of their hands, You are our gods; but now idolatry shall be abolished and abandoned (Mic 5:13): "Thy graven images will I cut off, and thy standing images, both those that were movable and those that were fixed; they shall be destroyed by the power of the law of Moses and deserted by the power of the gospel of Christ, so that thou shalt no more worship the work of thy hands, but be ashamed that ever thou hast been so deluded. Among other monuments of idolatry, I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee," Mic 5:14. These were planted and preserved in honour of their idols, and used in the worship of them; these they were ordered to burn (Deu 12:2, Deu 12:3), and, if they do not, God will, so that they shall not have them to trust to. And so will I destroy their cities, meaning the cities that were dedicated to the idols, to some dunghill-deity or other, which they confided in for their protection.
IV.That those who stand it out against the gospel of Christ, and continue in league with their idolatries and witchcrafts, shall fall under the wrath of God, and be consumed by it (Mic 5:15): I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the heathen (that is, upon heathenism), such as they have not heard; idolatries shall be done away, and idolaters put to shame. I will execute vengeance upon the heathen who have not heard (so some read it), or who would not hear and receive the doctrine of Christ. God will give his Son either the hearts or the necks of his enemies, and make them either his friends or his footstool.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
One surviving comment on this verse from the historical church.
(Verse 7 onwards) And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many peoples, like dew from the Lord, like showers on the grass, which do not wait for man or delay for the sons of men. And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the nations, in the midst of many peoples, like a lion among the beasts of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep, who, if it goes through, treads down and tears in pieces, and there is none to deliver. Your hand shall be lifted up over your adversaries, and all your enemies shall be cut off. And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the Lord, that I will cut off thy horses out of the midst of thee, and I will destroy thy chariots: And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strongholds: And I will cut off witchcrafts out of thine hand; and thou shalt have no more soothsayers: Thy graven images also will I cut off, and thy standing images out of the midst of thee; and thou shalt no more worship the work of thine hands. And I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee: so will I destroy thy cities. And I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the heathen, such as they have not heard. LXX: And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles, in the midst of many people, as a dew from the LORD, as the showers upon the grass, that tarrieth not for man, nor waiteth for the sons of men. And the remnant of Jacob shall be among the Gentiles, in the midst of many people, as a lion among the beasts of the forest, as a young lion among the flocks of sheep: who, if he go through, both treadeth down, and teareth in pieces, and none can deliver. Thine hand shall be lifted up upon thine adversaries, and all thine enemies shall be cut off. And it shall be in that day, says the Lord, I will kill your horses from your midst, and I will destroy your chariots, and I will overthrow the cities of your land: and I will take away all your fortresses. And I will take away your sorceries from your hand, and those who speak, they shall not be in you: and I will destroy your carved images, and your statues from your midst, and you shall no longer worship the works of your hands. And I will cut down your groves from your midst, and I will demolish your cities, and I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon the nations, because they did not listen. When Assyria comes upon our land and rises upon our borders, we shall be freed by the Lord who raised up seven shepherds and eight attacks of men against him, the remnants of Jacob, whom we understand as the apostles, and the first Church of the Jews, will be among many peoples like dew falling from the Lord. For the hearts of the people burned with the fiery arrows of the devil, and all the nations, being unfaithful to God, had hearts like a furnace kindled with fire (Hosea 7). Where the dew falling from the Lord, the health of the sick was made. And just as we read in Daniel (Dan. 3), that the spirit of the roaring dew extinguished the fiery furnace, let us generally understand this of all nations, that the doctrine of the Apostles was like dew from the Lord in the midst of all nations. But what follows: And like lambs on the grass, so that no one gathers and is not among the sons of men, let us receive this concerning those who from the nations did not want to believe, that they are the heavenly Apostles and the remnants of Jacob, like lambs grazing on grass, and gathering grass with their teeth. And they shall do this, so that those who did not want to be angels, receiving the spiritual dew, are by no means gathered among men, nor are they assigned to a rational part, but it is said of them: They are not in the toil of men, and they shall not be scourged with men (Ps. 73:5). And the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of the nations like a lion among beasts in the forest, and like a young lion among flocks of sheep. For the Lord Jesus, of whom it is prophesied in Genesis: Judah, you have ascended from the offspring, my son, you have laid down to sleep as a lion and as a young lion (Gen. 49:9). And in another place, reclining as a lion, and like a lion's cub, who will rouse him? He also gave to his apostles, to whom he said: Go, baptize all nations in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19): so that just as no one can resist a lion among beasts, and a lion's cub among sheep, in the same way, those who have been freed from the hand of Assyria and from the hand of the devil would snatch away cattle and livestock; for the Lord will save both men and animals (Psalm 36:7). And they ravaged, not to kill, but to divide, that is, to separate from the infidels, and there would be no one to resist them. But with the lion and the lion's cub wandering among the livestock and the sheep, the hand of God is exalted over those who either troubled God or the relics of Israel before. And all his enemies will be scattered, not because the enemies perish and stop existing, but because they perish as enemies. As it is written to the Thessalonians: Whom the Lord Jesus will kill with the breath of his mouth (II Thes. II, 8). This killing does not signify abolition, but rather the cessation of a wicked life, which they were living badly before. Finally, it concludes: And he will destroy with the brightness of his coming. However, he would never destroy if the killing signified abolition, since it would have already ceased to exist: thus the destruction of enemies here is understood, according to the Proverbs of Solomon, in which it is written: The destruction will lodge with the wicked: it will not be perpetual, it will not reduce them to nothing; but it will lodge with them as long as the wickedness that is in them is consumed. For God created man, so that he would not perish, and He did not make death. After this follows: And it shall come to pass in that day, when your hand is lifted up against your enemies, O Israel, and all your enemies are destroyed, I will kill your horses from among you, that is, the principal (ἡγεμονικῷ) impulses of your heart's lust, like horses breaking loose from their chains, rushing forward, and your chariots in which you delighted in your vices, and associating sins with sins, as if triumphing you were carried in triumphal chariots. And I will destroy the cities of your land. For you have not built a city that delights in the rushing of God's river (Psalm 49), nor the heavenly Jerusalem that is situated in the mountains (Matthew 5), but rather the city that Cain built (Genesis 4). Hence, the cities of the earth are said to be built with earthly works. And I will take away, it says, all your fortresses, your wealth, indeed, and the pomp of the world, and the eloquence of orators, and the arguments of dialecticians, in which you trusted as in fortresses. And I will take away the evil deeds from your hands, by which either you yourself were deceived by others, or being deceived, you deceived others. And those who speak or pronounce will not be to you. Now the world is full of those who speak and pronounce: they speak what they do not know, they teach what they have not learned: they are masters, when they have not been disciples before. Therefore, when God teaches man knowledge, false presumptions will cease, and perverse teaching will be removed. And I will destroy your idols and your statues from your midst. Our idols are those that are made by those who speak, or that we ourselves create for ourselves. Hence it is commanded in the Law (Exodus 20) , that we do not make idols for ourselves, and do not place statues in our land (Leviticus 26) : and you shall not worship the works of your own hands (Deuteronomy 5) . Unfortunate is the human condition, full of foolishness and error, knowing that doctrines are composed from one's own understanding, not ignorant that it is a simulated idol created by oneself, and worships the works of one's own hands as God, and man bends down, deceived to deceive. It is added in the promise that is directed to the remnants, that is, the remnants of Jacob: And I will cut down the woods from the midst of you, and will destroy your cities, so that all the trees of the forests, and the woods that were prohibited to be planted in the temple of God, and the badly constructed cities, which previously were called cities of the land, may be destroyed and consumed. But after he has done this to the remnants of Jacob, then he will turn to the nations that the Apostles, like lambs, have grazed. And because they did not want to receive the dew of speech, he said, 'I will make vengeance in anger and fury upon the nations, because they did not want to hear.' Hence the prophet says: 'Lord, do not rebuke me in your fury; nor chastise me in your anger.' (Psalm 6:1). According to the Septuagint interpreters, this is because it is a spiritual understanding, and we ought to connect the meaning with the previous chapters, as has been discussed. However, the Hebrews dream such delusions: After the seven whom they imagine, and the shepherds whom they want, and the eight princes of the Assyrians whom they have conquered, and they have fed the land of Nimrod with their swords, and this has happened when the Assyrian came into the land of Judah, then, they say, when Christ comes, all the remaining descendants of Jacob who can survive among the nations will be in blessing, like dew coming from the Lord, and like rain upon the grass, and they will not hope in men, nor in the sons of men, but in God. And they will be among the nations and peoples, bloodthirsty and cruel, seeking vengeance against their former masters, like a lion among the beasts of the forest, and like a young lion among the flocks of sheep, and there will be no one who can resist their strength. Then, O God, or O Israel, your hand will be exalted over the Assyrians and all your enemies who now possess you will perish. On that day, when you are liberated from the nations, I will remove your horses and chariots that are in your midst cities. Not because Israel had horses and chariots at that time, but rather the horses and chariots of the Assyrians that are in the midst of your cities. And I will destroy all your cities and the fortified places that you have dedicated to idols. And I will remove sorcerers and fortune-tellers from your land, and I will cause all your sculptures and statues to perish, and you will no longer worship the works of your hands. I will also uproot and overthrow all your groves, and the cities that you have dedicated to idols. And when I have done this to you, and have been appeased in this way, so that whatever evil is in you may be removed, then I will also avenge you in my fury and indignation against all the nations that have refused to listen to my word. Let the fleshly Israel respond here, whether it speaks of past or future events. If it mentions past events, let it provide a history and cite the authority of ancient books: let it teach all nations that Assyria was once subject to Israel. But if someone thinks that he will be secure while indulging in sinful pleasure, when Christ comes, what idols of Israel will be removed, which are not currently worshipped? What lights will be extinguished, which it does not have? What cities will be destroyed, which were once destroyed? What soothsayers will be taken away, whom it does not have, and should not glory in having? Yet for so long, the daughter of Zion has been abandoned, and she sits without an altar and without priests; while others enjoy the fruits of their labor, they themselves promise themselves a future with dry throats, not knowing what it will bring.
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Summary
Micah 5:12 unveils God's decisive promise to purify His people by eradicating all forms of occult practices, specifically witchcrafts and soothsayers, from their midst. This divine intervention underscores His exclusive sovereignty and demands complete reliance and worship from His covenant people, preparing them for a righteous kingdom free from spiritual defilement and pagan influences that had historically plagued Israel and Judah.
Context
Literary Context
Micah 5:12 is situated within a broader prophetic oracle (Micah 5:10-15) that details God's radical purification and judgment upon His people, following the glorious prophecy of the Messiah's birth in Micah 5:2. While Micah 5:1-9 speaks of a future ruler and a victorious remnant, the subsequent verses, including Micah 5:12, describe the necessary cleansing that must precede the establishment of this righteous kingdom. God promises to remove all elements that hinder a pure relationship with Him, including military might, fortified cities, and, as seen in this verse, the spiritual abominations of sorcery and divination. This section emphasizes God's comprehensive work of pruning and refining His people.
Historical & Cultural Context
Micah prophesied during the late 8th century BC, a tumultuous period for both the Northern Kingdom of Israel and the Southern Kingdom of Judah. Both nations were deeply influenced by the idolatrous and occult practices of surrounding pagan cultures. Divination, magic, and consulting spirits were common in Canaanite religion and often infiltrated Israelite worship, despite the clear prohibitions in the Mosaic Law (e.g., Deuteronomy 18:9-14). Kings like Manasseh later promoted such practices, leading to severe spiritual degradation. Micah's prophecy, therefore, addresses a pervasive cultural issue, highlighting God's unwavering commitment to His covenant and His absolute intolerance for practices that usurp His authority and seek guidance from illicit sources.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several key themes in Micah and the broader prophetic literature. Firstly, it highlights Divine Purification, emphasizing God's active role ("I will cut off") in cleansing His people from unholy influences. This is not a human endeavor but a sovereign act of judgment and restoration. Secondly, it underscores the Rejection of Occult Practices, unequivocally condemning and promising to eradicate all forms of sorcery and divination. These practices are antithetical to true faith, as they seek knowledge or power through illicit means rather than relying on God's revealed will and providence, as seen in passages like 1 Samuel 15:23. Thirdly, by removing "witchcrafts" and "soothsayers," God demands Exclusive Reliance on God as the sole source of truth, wisdom, and power, leaving no room for spiritual syncretism or reliance on pagan superstitions. Finally, this spiritual cleansing is presented as essential Preparation for a Righteous Kingdom, a society under God's rule, free from the pollutions that had plagued Israel and Judah throughout their history, thereby paving the way for the Messianic era described earlier in Micah 5.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This primitive root signifies a decisive and often violent severance, destruction, or consumption. While it can also mean "to covenant" (by cutting flesh and passing between pieces, as in a covenant ceremony), in this context, it denotes a complete and final eradication. God's action is absolute, ensuring these practices are utterly removed.
Derived from a root meaning "to whisper a spell," this term refers to magic, sorcery, or enchantments. It encompasses practices aimed at manipulating events, people, or spirits through illicit means, often involving incantations or potions. It represents a direct challenge to God's omnipotence and a forbidden attempt to gain power or influence outside of His divine will.
This word comes from a root meaning "to cover" or "to cloud over," and figuratively, "to act covertly" or "to practice magic." It specifically refers to those who practice divination, fortune-telling, or prognostication, often by observing omens, clouds, or other natural phenomena. These individuals claim to reveal hidden knowledge or predict the future, thereby usurping God's unique role as the revealer of truth and the controller of destiny.
Verse Breakdown
"And I will cut off witchcrafts out of thine hand"
This clause emphasizes God's direct and active intervention. The phrase "out of thine hand" is significant, indicating that these practices were not merely present in the land but were actively engaged in by the people of Israel and Judah. God promises to remove the very means and capacity for His people to practice sorcery, signifying a thorough purification that addresses both the external presence of evil and the internal inclination towards it.
"and thou shalt have no [more] soothsayers"
This second clause reinforces the complete eradication of divination. It points to the removal of the practitioners themselves, ensuring that there will be no one left to engage in fortune-telling or omen-observing. The repetition of the theme, using different but related terms, underscores the comprehensive nature of God's cleansing work against all forms of occult activity.
Literary Devices
Micah 5:12 employs several literary devices to convey its powerful message. The most prominent is Hyperbole, as God promises a complete and utter eradication of witchcrafts and soothsayers, signifying not just a reduction but an absolute removal. This emphasizes the severity of these practices in God's eyes and the thoroughness of His judgment and purification. The phrase "I will cut off" uses Anthropomorphism, attributing human action (cutting) to God, which vividly portrays His decisive and active role in this cleansing process. Furthermore, the verse implicitly uses Contrast by juxtaposing the forbidden practices of the occult with the implied expectation of exclusive reliance on God. By removing these illicit sources of power and knowledge, God highlights His own singular authority and the necessity for His people to seek Him alone for guidance and strength.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Micah 5:12 is a profound statement on God's holiness, His demand for exclusive worship, and His absolute rejection of spiritual syncretism. It teaches that true faith necessitates a complete turning away from all forms of illicit spiritual power and knowledge, recognizing God alone as the ultimate source of truth, wisdom, and authority. The presence of witchcraft and soothsaying represents a fundamental betrayal of the covenant, a seeking of power and guidance from demonic or humanly devised sources rather than from the Creator. God's promise to "cut off" these practices is an act of covenant faithfulness, demonstrating His commitment to purify His people and restore them to a state of unadulterated devotion, preparing them to be a holy nation set apart for His purposes.
Reflection and Application
Micah 5:12 remains profoundly relevant for believers today, serving as a timeless call to purity and exclusive reliance on God. While overt forms of witchcraft and soothsaying may seem distant to many in contemporary society, the underlying temptation to seek guidance, power, or comfort from sources other than God persists. This can manifest in subtle but equally dangerous ways: an over-reliance on horoscopes, mediums, or psychic readings; superstitious beliefs that attribute power to objects or rituals apart from God; or even an uncritical adoption of New Age philosophies that promise self-empowerment or hidden knowledge outside of biblical truth. The verse challenges us to examine our lives for any areas where we might be seeking answers or security apart from God's revealed Word and His Holy Spirit. It calls us to a life of complete dependence on God, trusting in His Word for guidance, seeking His will through prayer and obedience, and discerning spiritual truth from deception. God's people are to be holy and set apart, rejecting all practices that defile or diminish His unique sovereignty.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why does God condemn witchcraft and soothsaying so strongly?
God condemns witchcraft and soothsaying so strongly because these practices represent a direct affront to His exclusive sovereignty and holiness. They involve seeking knowledge, power, or guidance from sources other than God, often through demonic influence or human manipulation. This is an act of spiritual rebellion and idolatry, as it places trust in created things or malevolent spirits rather than in the Creator. The Mosaic Law explicitly forbids such practices as "abominations to the Lord" (e.g., Deuteronomy 18:10-12), because they lead people away from true worship and into spiritual deception, ultimately hindering a genuine relationship with Him.
Are there modern equivalents of "witchcrafts" or "soothsayers" that Christians should be aware of?
Yes, while the forms may evolve, the underlying principles of seeking illicit knowledge or power outside of God remain. Modern equivalents can include:
Christians are called to discern spiritual truth and to rely solely on God's Word and the Holy Spirit for guidance, as warned in passages like Colossians 2:8.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Micah 5:12, with its promise of God cutting off witchcrafts and soothsayers, finds its ultimate fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. He is the one who perfectly embodies God's purification and establishes a kingdom free from all spiritual darkness. As the true Prophet, Jesus reveals God's truth fully and definitively, rendering all other forms of soothsaying and divination obsolete. He is the ultimate source of wisdom and knowledge, in whom "are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" (Colossians 2:3). Furthermore, Christ, through His atoning death and resurrection, disarmed and triumphed over all spiritual powers and authorities, including those that empower witchcraft and sorcery (Colossians 2:15). His victory on the cross broke the dominion of sin and spiritual bondage, enabling His followers to live in freedom from such dark influences. The early church's response to the Gospel, as seen in Acts 19:18-20, where converts publicly burned their magic books, vividly illustrates this Christ-centered fulfillment: true conversion leads to a radical renunciation of all occult practices and an exclusive allegiance to Jesus, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world and delivers us from the power of darkness (John 1:29; Colossians 1:13).