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Study this verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Mark 1:29–39. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
In these verses, we have,
I.A particular account of one miracle that Christ wrought, in the cure of Peter's wife's mother, who was ill of a fever. This passage we had before, in Matthew. Observe,
1.When Christ had done that which spread his fame throughout all parts, he did not then sit still, as some think that they may lie in bed when their name is up. No, he continued to do good, for that was it he aimed at, and not his own honour. Nay, those who are in reputation, had need be busy and careful to keep it up.
2.When he came out of the synagogue, where he had taught and healed with a divine authority, yet he conversed familiarly with the poor fishermen that attended him, and did not think it below him. Let the same mind, the same lowly mind, be in us, that was in him.
3.He went into Peter's house, probably invited thither to such entertainment as a poor fisherman could give him, and he accepted of it. The apostles left all for Christ; so far as that what they had should not hinder them from him, yet not so, but that they might use it for him.
4.He cured his mother-in-law, who was sick. Wherever Christ comes, he comes to do good, and will be sure to pay richly for his entertainment. Observe, How complete the cure was; when the fever left her, it did not, as usual, leave her weak, but the same hand that healed her, strengthened her, so that she was able to minister to them; the cure is in order to that, to fit for action, that we may minister to Christ, and to those that are his for his sake.
II.A general account of many cures he wrought - diseases healed, devils expelled.
It was on the evening of the sabbath, when the sun did set, or was set; perhaps many scrupled bringing their sick to him, till the sabbath was over, but their weakness therein was no prejudice to them in applying to Christ. Though he proved it lawful to heal on the sabbath days, yet, if any stumbled at it, they were welcome at another time. Now observe,
1.How numerous the patients were; All the city was gathered at the door, as beggars for a dole. That one cure in the synagogue occasioned this crowding after him. Others speeding well with Christ should quicken us in our enquiries after him. Now the Sun of righteousness rises with healing under his wings; to him shall the gathering of the people be. Observe, How Christ was flocked after in a private house, as well as in the synagogue; wherever he is, there let his servants, his patients, be. And in the evening of the sabbath, when the public worship is over, we must continue our attendance upon Jesus Christ; he healed, as Paul preached, publicly, and from house to house.
2.How powerful the Physician was; he healed all that were brought to him, though ever so many. Nor was it some one particular disease, that Christ set up for the cure of, but he healed those that were sick of divers diseases, for his word was a panpharmacon - a salve for every sore. And that miracle particularly which he wrought in the synagogue, he repeated in the house at night; for he cast out many devils, and suffered not the devils to speak, for he made them know who he was, and that silenced them. Or, He suffered them not to say that they knew him (so it may be read); he would not permit any more of them to say, as they did (Mar 1:24), I know thee, who thou art.
III.His retirement to his private devotion (Mar 1:35); He prayed, prayed alone; to set us an example of secret prayer.
Though as God he was prayed to, as man he prayed. Though he was glorifying God, and doing good, in his public work, yet he found time to be alone with his Father; and thus it became him to fulfil all righteousness. Now observe,
1.The time when Christ prayed.
(1.)It was in the morning, the morning after the sabbath day. Note, When a sabbath day is over and past, we must not think that we may intermit our devotion till the next sabbath: no, though we go not to the synagogue, we must go to the throne of grace, every day in the week; and the morning after the sabbath particularly, that we may preserve the good impressions of the day. This morning was the morning of the first day of the week, which afterward he sanctified, and made remarkable, by another sort of rising early.
(2.)It was early, a great while before day. When others were asleep in their beds, he was praying, as a genuine Son of David, who seeks God early, and directs his prayer in the morning; nay, and at midnight will rise to give thanks. It has been said, The morning is a friend to the Muses - Aurora Musis amica; and it is no less so to the Graces. When our spirits are most fresh and lively, then we should take time for devout exercises. He that is the first and best, ought to have the first and best.
2.The place where he prayed; He departed into a solitary place, either out of town, or some remote garden or out-building. Though he was in no danger of distraction, or of temptation to vain-glory, yet he retired, to set us an example to his own rule, When thou prayest enter into thy closet. Secret prayer must be made secretly. Those that have the most business in public, and of the best kind, must sometimes be alone with God; must retire into solitude, there to converse with God, and keep up communion with him.
IV.His return to his public work.
The disciples thought they were up early, but found their Master was up before them, and they enquired which way he went, followed him to his solitary place, and there found him at prayer, Mar 1:36, Mar 1:37. They told him that he was much wanted, that there were a great many patients waiting for him; All men seek for thee. They were proud that their Master was become so popular already, and would have him appear in public, yet more in that place, because it was their own city; and we are apt to be partial to the places we know and are interested in. "No," saith Christ, "Capernaum must not have the monopoly of the Messiah's preaching and miracles. Let us go into the next towns, the villages that lie about here, that I may preach there also, and work miracles there, for therefore came I forth, not to be constantly resident in one place, but to go about doing good." Even the inhabitants of the villages in Israel shall rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord, Jdg 5:11. Observe, Christ had still an eye to the end wherefore he came forth, and closely pursued that; nor will he be drawn by importunity, or the persuasions of his friends, to decline from that; for (Mar 1:39) he preached in their synagogues throughout all Galilee, and, to illustrate and confirm his doctrine, he cast out devils. Note, Christ's doctrine is Satan's destruction.
Historical interpretation
Seven Centuries of Reception
5 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Moreover, Capernaum is mystically interpreted the town of consolation, and the sabbath as rest. The man with an evil spirit is healed by rest and consolation, that the place and time may agree with his healing. This man with an unclean spirit is the human race, in which uncleanness reigned from Adam to Moses; for they sinned without law, and perished without law. (v. Rom. 5:14. 2:12) And he, knowing the Holy One of God, is ordered to hold his peace, for they knowing God did not glorify him as God, but rather served the creature than the Creator. (1:21.25) The spirit tearing the man came out of him. When salvation is near, temptation is at hand also. Pharaoh, when about to leti Israel go, pursues Israel; the devil, when despised, rises up to create scandals.
For the fever means intemperance, from which, we the sons of the synagoguek, by the hand of discipline, and by the lifting up of our desires, are healed, and minister to the will of Him who heals us.
Can you imagine Jesus standing before your bed and you continue sleeping? It is absurd that you would remain in bed in his presence. Where is Jesus? He is already here offering himself to us. “In the middle,” he says, “among you he stands, whom you do not recognize.” “The kingdom of God is in your midst.” Faith beholds Jesus among us. If we are unable to seize his hand, let us prostrate ourselves at his feet. If we are unable to reach his head, let us wash his feet with our tears. Our repentance is the perfume of the Savior. See how costly is the compassion of the Savior. Our sins give off a terrible odor; they are rottenness. Nevertheless, if we repent of our sins, they will be transformed into perfume by the Lord. Therefore, let us ask the Lord to grasp our hand. “And at once,” he says, “the fever left her.” Immediately as her hand is grasped, the fever flees.
(v. Vict. Ant. e Cat. in Marc. c. 1:32) But the disciples, knowing that they were to receive a benefit by that means, without waiting for the evening prayed that Peter's mother should be healed. Wherefore there follows, who immediately tell him of her.
(in Marc. i. 7) First, it was right that the serpent's tongue should be shut up, that it might not spread any more venom; then that the woman, who was first seduced, should be healed from the fever of carnal concupiscence. Wherefore it is said, And forthwith, when they were come out of the synagogue, &c.
(ubi sup.) But in the Gospel of Luke it is written, that they besought him for her. (Luke 4:38.) For the Saviour sometimes after being asked, sometimes of His own accord, heals the sick, showing that He always assents to the prayers of the faithful, when they pray also against bad passions, and some times gives them to understand things which they do not understand at all, or else, when they pray unto Him dutifully, forgives their want of understanding; as the Psalmist begs of God, Cleanse me, O Lord, from my secret faults. (Ps. 19:12) Wherefore He heals her at their request; for there follows, And he came and took her by the hand, and lifted her up.
(in Marc. i. 6, 8) But in that He gives most profusely His gifts of healing and doctrine on the sabbath day, He teaches, that He is not under the Law, but above the Law, and does not choose the Jewish sabbath, but the true sabbath, and our rest is pleasing to the Lord, if, in order to attend to the health of our souls, we abstain from slavish work, that is, from all unlawful things. It goes on, and immediately the fever left her, &c. The health which is conferred at the command of the Lord, returns at once entire, accompanied with such strength, that she is able to minister to those, of whose help she had before stood in need. Again, if we suppose that the man delivered from the devil means, in the moral way of interpretation, the soul purged from unclean thoughts, fitly does the woman cured of a fever by the command of God mean the flesh, restrained from the heat of its concupiscence by the precepts of continence.
He retired then as the custom was on the sabbath-day about evening to eat in His disciples' house. But she who ought to have ministered was prevented by a fever. Wherefore it goes on, But Simon's wife's mother was lying sick of a fever.
By this it is signified, that God will heal a sick man, if he ministers to the Saints, through love to Christ.
But he has a fever who is angry, and in the unruliness of his anger stretches forth his hands to do hurt; but if reason restrains his hands, he will arise, and so serve reason.
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Summary
Mark 1:30 serves as a concise narrative bridge, transitioning Jesus' public ministry in the Capernaum synagogue to a more intimate, domestic setting. It introduces Simon's mother-in-law, gravely ill with a fever, and highlights the immediate action taken by those present to inform Jesus of her condition, setting the stage for one of His earliest and most significant recorded healings in Mark's Gospel. This brief verse underscores Jesus' accessibility and the swift trust placed in His power, even in private family crises.
Context
Literary Context
Mark 1:30 is situated immediately after Jesus' powerful public teaching and exorcism in the Capernaum synagogue, as detailed in Mark 1:21-28. Having just demonstrated His unparalleled authority over both demonic forces and traditional religious instruction, Jesus transitions from the public sphere to the private home of Simon (Peter) and Andrew. This shift emphasizes that Jesus' ministry was not confined to formal religious settings but extended into the everyday lives and personal needs of individuals, particularly those closest to Him. The verse directly precedes the account of the healing itself in Mark 1:31, forming a seamless narrative of compassion and divine intervention following a Sabbath synagogue service.
Historical & Cultural Context
Capernaum was a bustling fishing village on the Sea of Galilee, serving as a hub for Jesus' early Galilean ministry. Jewish custom dictated that the Sabbath, while a day of rest, often involved synagogue attendance followed by communal meals or family gatherings. Fevers were a common and often life-threatening ailment in the ancient world, with limited effective treatments. The presence of a "mother-in-law" in the household indicates a multi-generational family dwelling, a common structure in first-century Jewish society, where the well-being of each member was vital to the household's function. The immediate appeal to Jesus ("anon they tell him of her") reflects the common practice of seeking help from respected teachers or healers, especially for serious illnesses, and highlights the immediate trust placed in Jesus by His newly called disciples.
Key Themes
This verse contributes to several overarching themes in Mark's Gospel. Firstly, it reinforces the theme of Jesus' Authority and Power, demonstrating that His dominion extends beyond the spiritual realm (exorcism) to physical ailments, foreshadowing His ultimate power over death itself, as seen in passages like Mark 5:35-43. Secondly, it highlights Jesus' Compassion and Accessibility, showing that He is not aloof but deeply engaged with human suffering, willing to enter private spaces to minister to individual needs, a theme consistently woven throughout Mark, such as when He touches the leper in Mark 1:40-42. Thirdly, it subtly introduces the theme of Discipleship and Service, as the immediate family of Simon, one of Jesus' first disciples (as called in Mark 1:16-18), benefits directly from Jesus' presence, implying that following Jesus brings His blessing into one's entire household.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This particle, G1161, functions as an adversative or continuative. In this context, it acts as a subtle transition, indicating a shift in scene or focus from the public synagogue to the private home, yet maintaining the narrative flow. It signals that while Jesus' public ministry was impactful, His personal interactions were equally significant.
The verb G4445, derived from a word meaning "fire," vividly describes the physical state of being afflicted by a fever. In the ancient world, fevers were not merely discomforting but often debilitating and life-threatening, making the subsequent healing a profound demonstration of divine power over a common, serious human affliction.
This adverb, G2112, translates to "immediately," "at once," or "forthwith." Its inclusion here is crucial, emphasizing the urgency with which Simon's household brought the situation to Jesus' attention and, by implication, the swiftness of Jesus' response. Mark frequently uses this word to convey the dynamic, action-oriented nature of Jesus' ministry.
Verse Breakdown
"But Simon's wife's mother lay sick of a fever"
This opening clause immediately establishes the setting and the problem. The mention of "Simon's wife's mother" (his mother-in-law) grounds the narrative in the domestic sphere of one of Jesus' key disciples, emphasizing the personal connection. Her state of being "sick of a fever" highlights a common and serious ailment of the time, setting up the need for divine intervention. The verb "lay" (G2621, katákeimai) indicates a state of being confined to bed due to illness, implying the severity of her condition.
"and anon they tell him of her"
This second clause reveals the immediate and urgent response of those present. The conjunction "and" (G2532, kaí) links the observation of her illness to the swift action taken. The word "anon" (G2112, euthéōs) is characteristic of Mark's fast-paced narrative, underscoring the immediacy with which the family or disciples brought the news to Jesus. The phrase "they tell him of her" signifies an appeal, a request for help, indicating their trust in Jesus' ability to intervene.
Literary Devices
Mark 1:30 employs several literary devices to enhance its narrative impact. The use of Narrative Transition is evident as the scene shifts from the public synagogue to the private home, demonstrating the comprehensive scope of Jesus' ministry. The adverb "anon" (Greek, euthéōs) is a hallmark of Mark's Gospel, contributing to its rapid, action-oriented pace, creating a sense of Urgency and immediate divine response. Furthermore, the simple, direct statement of the mother-in-law's illness and the immediate appeal to Jesus serves as a form of Foreshadowing, building anticipation for the miraculous healing that is about to occur in the subsequent verse, thereby highlighting Jesus' compassion and power.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Mark 1:30 subtly yet powerfully connects to broader theological themes of divine accessibility and the comprehensive nature of God's redemptive work. It illustrates that Jesus' compassion extends beyond the public spectacle to the intimate, often hidden, needs of individuals within their homes. The immediate appeal to Jesus by the household members underscores a foundational theological truth: God is approachable, and His people are encouraged to bring their burdens and infirmities directly to Him. This incident demonstrates that Jesus' authority is not merely for grand pronouncements but for tangible, personal healing, affirming His role as the compassionate Messiah who enters human suffering.
Reflection and Application
Mark 1:30 offers a profound invitation to personal faith and reliance on Jesus. In a world where suffering and illness are ever-present, this verse reminds us that Jesus is not distant or unconcerned with our daily struggles. Just as Simon's household immediately brought their loved one's dire condition to Jesus, we are called to bring our own anxieties, physical ailments, and family challenges directly to Him. This isn't just about physical healing, but about the holistic well-being that comes from placing our trust in His compassionate care. The "anon" (immediately) in the text serves as a powerful prompt for us: when we face difficulties, our first instinct should be to turn to Christ, knowing that His power and love are accessible even in the most private and vulnerable moments of our lives. It encourages a posture of immediate, unreserved trust in His ability and willingness to intervene.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why is the healing of Simon's mother-in-law significant, given its brevity in Mark's Gospel?
Despite its brevity, the healing of Simon's mother-in-law is highly significant for several reasons. Firstly, it is one of Jesus' earliest recorded miracles in Mark, immediately following His public display of authority in the synagogue, demonstrating that His power extends from spiritual liberation (exorcism) to physical healing. Secondly, its inclusion in all three Synoptic Gospels (Matthew 8:14-15, Luke 4:38-39) underscores its importance in the early Christian tradition. Thirdly, it highlights Jesus' compassion and accessibility, showing He cares for the personal, domestic needs of His disciples and their families, not just large crowds. Finally, the immediate service she renders after being healed (Mark 1:31) serves as a model of discipleship: restored to health, she immediately uses her renewed strength to serve Christ and His followers.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Mark 1:30, while a simple narrative, points profoundly to the Christ-centered nature of God's redemptive plan. The swift appeal to Jesus for healing a fever-stricken woman foreshadows Jesus' ultimate mission as the Great Physician, who came not just to cure physical ailments but to heal the deeper malady of sin and death. Just as He entered Simon's home to bring restoration, Jesus, through His incarnation, entered the human condition, taking on our infirmities and bearing our sorrows (Isaiah 53:4). His subsequent healing of the mother-in-law is a tangible demonstration of the power that would ultimately overcome the grave itself, culminating in His resurrection, which offers eternal life and healing to all who believe (John 11:25-26). The compassion shown in this private moment reflects the heart of God, who, in Christ, draws near to humanity in its weakness and suffering, offering not just temporary relief but ultimate salvation and a life of service, as seen in the woman's immediate response of serving them in Mark 1:31.