Luke 9:29

KJV

And as he prayed, the fashion of his countenance was altered, and his raiment [was] white [and] glistering.

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G2532} as {G1722} he {G846} prayed {G4336}, the fashion {G1491} of his {G846} countenance {G4383} was {G1096} altered {G2087}, and {G2532} his {G846} raiment {G2441} was white {G3022} and glistering {G1823}.

Complete Jewish Bible

As he was praying, the appearance of his face changed; and his clothing became gleaming white.

Berean Standard Bible

And as He was praying, the appearance of His face changed, and His clothes became radiantly white.

American Standard Version

And as he was praying, the fashion of his countenance was altered, and his raiment became white and dazzling.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Luke 9:29 vividly recounts the pivotal event of the Transfiguration, where Jesus, while deeply engaged in prayer, underwent a profound physical transformation. His appearance was dramatically altered, and His garments became dazzlingly white and radiant, offering a unique glimpse of His inherent divine glory to His closest disciples. This extraordinary manifestation served as a powerful confirmation of His true identity as the Son of God, preparing His disciples for the challenging path of suffering and resurrection that lay ahead.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This miraculous event is strategically placed within Luke's narrative, immediately following a critical moment where Peter confesses Jesus as the Christ, and Jesus subsequently foretells His suffering, death, and resurrection for the first time in this Gospel (see [Luke 9:20-22](/luke/9-20-22 "Luke 9:20-22 - Peter's Confession and Jesus' Prophecy")). Furthermore, Jesus had just issued a challenging call to discipleship, urging His followers to deny themselves, take up their cross daily, and follow Him, emphasizing the cost of true commitment (see [Luke 9:23-27](/luke/9-23-27 "Luke 9:23-27 - The Cost of Discipleship")). The Transfiguration, therefore, serves as a divine affirmation of Jesus' identity and mission, providing a powerful counterpoint and source of strength for the disciples who were grappling with the difficult implications of His messianic claims and the path of suffering He described. It provides a glimpse of future glory to sustain them through present trials.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The setting for the Transfiguration is a mountain, a common biblical locale for divine encounters and revelations, echoing events such as Moses receiving the Law on Mount Sinai or Elijah's encounter with God on Mount Horeb. While the specific mountain is not named in Luke's account, tradition often points to Mount Tabor or Mount Hermon. Mountains were often seen as places of solitude, elevated above the mundane, and closer to the heavens, making them ideal for spiritual communion. The appearance of Moses and Elijah, representing the Law and the Prophets, respectively, is highly significant. In Jewish thought, these two figures were paramount, embodying the entirety of Old Testament revelation. Their presence with Jesus underscores His fulfillment of all that the Law and Prophets foretold, establishing Him as the culmination of God's redemptive plan. The dazzling white garments would evoke images of divine purity and heavenly glory, reminiscent of the descriptions of heavenly beings or God's own appearance in Old Testament visions.

* **Key Themes:** The Transfiguration in [Luke 9](/luke/9 "Luke 9 - The Transfiguration and Discipleship") contributes to several overarching themes within Luke's Gospel and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully highlights the **divine glory and identity of Jesus**. His altered appearance is not merely a superficial change but a visible manifestation of His inherent deity, a moment where His true nature as the Son of God shines through His human form. This revelation is crucial for the disciples, reinforcing their understanding of who Jesus truly is, especially after Peter's confession in [Luke 9:20](/luke/9-20 "Luke 9:20 - Peter's Confession"). Secondly, Luke consistently emphasizes the **centrality and power of prayer** in Jesus' life. The Transfiguration occurs "as he prayed," underscoring that deep communion with the Father is the context for divine revelation and empowerment, a pattern seen throughout Jesus' ministry (e.g., at His baptism in [Luke 3:21](/luke/3-21 "Luke 3:21 - Jesus' Baptism and Prayer") or before choosing the twelve in [Luke 6:12](/luke/6-12 "Luke 6:12 - Jesus Prays Before Choosing Disciples")). Lastly, the event serves as a **prophetic confirmation and foreshadowing**. The appearance of Moses and Elijah, discussing Jesus' "departure" (exodus) which He was about to accomplish at Jerusalem (as noted in [Luke 9:31](/luke/9-31 "Luke 9:31 - Moses and Elijah Discuss Jesus' Departure")), directly links the Transfiguration to the impending passion, death, and resurrection, framing these events not as defeat but as the fulfillment of God's ancient plan.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **fashion (Greek, _eîdos'_):** From G1491, meaning "a view, i.e. form (literally or figuratively)." In this context, it refers to the outward appearance or visible form of Jesus' countenance. The alteration of this "fashion" indicates a profound, supernatural change in His physical manifestation, revealing something beyond His ordinary human form.
* **altered (Greek, _héteros'_):** From G2087, meaning "other or different." This word emphasizes that Jesus' countenance was not merely enhanced or glowing, but fundamentally changed to something distinct from its normal state. It signifies a transformation into a different kind of appearance, one that transcended the human and hinted at the divine.
* **glistering (Greek, _exastráptō'_):** From G1823, meaning "to lighten forth, i.e. (figuratively) to be radiant (of very white garments)." This vivid term describes the intense, dazzling brightness of Jesus' raiment, suggesting a light that emanated from within, flashing forth like lightning. It conveys a supernatural brilliance that is far beyond any earthly whiteness or shine, indicative of divine glory.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And as he prayed,"**: This opening clause establishes the critical context for the entire event. Luke, more than the other Synoptic Gospel writers, frequently highlights Jesus' practice of prayer before significant moments in His ministry. Here, prayer is presented not just as a prelude but as the very conduit through which the divine manifestation occurs, emphasizing the intimate communion Jesus shared with the Father and the spiritual power unleashed through such devotion.
* **"the fashion of his countenance was altered,"**: This describes the immediate and profound transformation of Jesus' face. "Fashion" (eîdos) refers to His visible form or appearance, and "altered" (héteros) signifies a change into something distinctly different. This was not a mere change in expression but a fundamental shift in His physical presence, reflecting an inner, divine reality breaking through His human exterior. His face became radiant, shining with a glory that transcended human understanding.
* **"and his raiment was white and glistering."**: Following the alteration of His countenance, Jesus' clothing also underwent a supernatural change. "White" (leukós) denotes an intense, pure whiteness, far beyond anything achievable by human means. "Glistering" (exastráptō) adds to this, describing a dazzling, flashing brilliance, like lightning. This extreme luminosity of His garments further underscored the divine glory emanating from Jesus, serving as an external sign of His internal, inherent deity.

#### Literary Devices
Luke's description of the Transfiguration in [Luke 9:29](/luke/9-29 "Luke 9:29 - The Transfiguration") employs several powerful literary devices. The most prominent is **Theophany**, a visible manifestation of God or a divine being. The alteration of Jesus' countenance and the dazzling brilliance of His raiment are direct, sensory expressions of His divine nature breaking through His human form, allowing the disciples to witness His inherent glory. This is further enhanced by **Symbolism**, particularly through the use of intense light and whiteness. White garments often symbolize purity, holiness, and divine presence in biblical literature, while the "glistering" or lightning-like radiance is a common motif for divine glory and power (e.g., [Daniel 10:6](/daniel/10-6 "Daniel 10:6 - Daniel's Vision of a Man")). The event also functions as **Foreshadowing**, offering a preview of Jesus' post-resurrection glory and His ultimate return in power and majesty. It provides a glimpse of the glorified Christ, serving to strengthen the disciples' faith and prepare them for the seemingly contradictory path of suffering and death that Jesus would soon endure. Finally, the narrative employs **Contrast**, highlighting the stark difference between Jesus' humble, human appearance in His earthly ministry and the overwhelming divine splendor that was momentarily revealed on the mountain.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The Transfiguration of Jesus stands as a profound theological touchstone, affirming His unique identity as the Son of God, the culmination of God's redemptive plan. It bridges the Old and New Covenants, demonstrating that Jesus fulfills the Law (represented by Moses) and the Prophets (represented by Elijah), and that His "exodus" (death, resurrection, and ascension) is the ultimate act of salvation. The divine voice from the cloud ("This is my Son, my Chosen One; listen to him!") unequivocally declares Jesus' supreme authority and divine sonship, positioning Him above all previous revelations. This event provides a necessary glimpse of glory that would sustain the disciples through the impending scandal of the cross, reminding them that suffering is not the end but a path to ultimate triumph and vindication. It underscores that true glory is often revealed through prayer and obedience, even when the path leads through hardship.

* [Matthew 17:1-8](/matthew/17-1-8 "Matthew 17:1-8 - The Transfiguration Account")
* [Mark 9:2-8](/mark/9-2-8 "Mark 9:2-8 - The Transfiguration Account")
* [2 Peter 1:16-18](/2_peter/1-16-18 "2 Peter 1:16-18 - Eyewitness to Majesty")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The Transfiguration of Jesus offers profound insights for contemporary believers, inviting us to consider the transformative power of prayer and the true nature of Christ. Just as Jesus' inner glory was manifested outwardly during His communion with the Father, our own consistent and intimate prayer life can lead to a deeper understanding of God's character and a spiritual transformation within us. This passage reminds us that our faith is not based on mere human wisdom or historical accounts, but on the undeniable revelation of God's Son, who is truly divine and glorious. In moments of doubt or struggle, the Transfiguration serves as a powerful reminder of Jesus' ultimate victory and the glory that awaits those who follow Him. It encourages us to look beyond present difficulties to the radiant hope of Christ's return and the full revelation of His kingdom. Moreover, it challenges us to "listen to Him," prioritizing His words and teachings above all others, allowing them to shape our lives and guide our journey of discipleship.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Jesus' habit of prayer, especially before significant events like the Transfiguration, challenge or inspire your own prayer life?**
* **What does the revelation of Jesus' divine glory on the mountain teach you about His true identity, and how does this impact your worship and trust in Him?**
* **In what ways can a glimpse of Christ's future glory (as seen in the Transfiguration) strengthen you to endure present trials or embrace the "cross" of daily discipleship?**

### FAQ

**Why did Jesus take only Peter, James, and John to witness the Transfiguration?**

Answer: Jesus often had an inner circle of three disciples (Peter, James, and John) whom He brought into more intimate experiences, such as the raising of Jairus's daughter ([Mark 5:37](/mark/5-37 "Mark 5:37 - Raising Jairus's Daughter")) and His agony in Gethsemane ([Matthew 26:37](/matthew/26-37 "Matthew 26:37 - Jesus in Gethsemane")). This select group was chosen to be eyewitnesses to particularly profound moments of His ministry, perhaps to prepare them for leadership roles within the early church, to deepen their understanding of His divine nature, or to serve as reliable witnesses to these extraordinary events. Their testimony would later be crucial in affirming the truth of Christ's identity and mission.

**What is the significance of Moses and Elijah appearing with Jesus?**

Answer: The appearance of Moses and Elijah is deeply significant. Moses represents the **Law**, as he was the one through whom God delivered the Torah to Israel ([Exodus 20](/exodus/20 "Exodus 20 - The Ten Commandments")). Elijah represents the **Prophets**, being one of the most prominent prophets in Israel's history, known for his zealous defense of God's covenant and his expectation of a coming Messiah ([1 Kings 18](/1_kings/18 "1 Kings 18 - Elijah on Mount Carmel")). Their presence with Jesus signifies that He is the fulfillment of all that the Law and the Prophets foretold. They are seen discussing Jesus' "departure" (Greek: _exodos_), which refers to His impending death, resurrection, and ascension in Jerusalem ([Luke 9:31](/luke/9-31 "Luke 9:31 - Moses and Elijah Discuss Jesus' Departure")). This indicates that Jesus' redemptive work was not an unexpected turn of events but the very purpose for which He came, perfectly aligning with God's long-revealed plan.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The Transfiguration of Jesus, as described in [Luke 9:29](/luke/9-29 "Luke 9:29 - The Transfiguration"), is a profound Christ-centered event that reveals His divine glory and foreshadows His ultimate triumph. It is a moment where the veil between heaven and earth thins, allowing a glimpse of the Son of God in His inherent splendor. This transformation of His countenance and raiment points directly to Jesus' true identity as the promised Messiah, the very image of the invisible God ([Colossians 1:15](/colossians/1-15 "Colossians 1:15 - The Supremacy of Christ")). The presence of Moses and Elijah, representing the Law and the Prophets, underscores that Jesus is the culmination of all Old Testament revelation, the one to whom all scripture points ([John 5:39](/john/5-39 "John 5:39 - Search the Scriptures")). The divine voice from the cloud, declaring, "This is my Son, my Chosen One; listen to him!" ([Luke 9:35](/luke/9-35 "Luke 9:35 - The Voice from the Cloud")), unequivocally establishes Jesus' unique authority and divine sonship, placing Him above all previous prophets and covenant mediators. This event serves as a powerful pre-resurrection manifestation of Jesus' glory, preparing His disciples for the scandal of the cross by showing them that His suffering and death were not a defeat but the necessary path to His ultimate exaltation and the redemption of humanity. It ultimately points forward to His glorious return, when every eye will see Him in His full, unadulterated glory ([Revelation 1:7](/revelation/1-7 "Revelation 1:7 - Every Eye Will See Him")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Mark 9:2

And after six days Jesus taketh [with him] Peter, and James, and John, and leadeth them up into an high mountain apart by themselves: and he was transfigured before them.

Mark 9:3

And his raiment became shining, exceeding white as snow; so as no fuller on earth can white them.

Matthew 17:2

And was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light.

2 Peter 1:16

¶ For we have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but were eyewitnesses of his majesty.

2 Peter 1:18

And this voice which came from heaven we heard, when we were with him in the holy mount.

Exodus 34:29

And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses' hand, when he came down from the mount, that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him.

Exodus 34:35

And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses' face shone: and Moses put the vail upon his face again, until he went in to speak with him.