Luke 18:2

KJV

Saying, There was in a city a judge, which feared not God, neither regarded man:

KJV (with Strong's)

Saying {G3004}, There was {G2258} in {G1722} a {G5100} city {G4172} a {G5100} judge {G2923}, which feared {G5399} not {G3361} God {G2316}, neither {G2532}{G3361} regarded {G1788} man {G444}:

Complete Jewish Bible

“In a certain town, there was a judge who neither feared God nor respected other people.

Berean Standard Bible

“In a certain town there was a judge who neither feared God nor respected men.

American Standard Version

saying, There was in a city a judge, who feared not God, and regarded not man:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Luke 18:2 introduces the central antagonist of Jesus' Parable of the Unjust Judge and the Persistent Widow, portraying a municipal judge utterly devoid of moral compass. This character is meticulously described as one who "feared not God, neither regarded man," immediately establishing him as a figure of profound injustice and self-interest, serving as a stark contrast to the righteous and compassionate nature of God, thereby setting the stage for Jesus' powerful lesson on the necessity and efficacy of persistent prayer.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Luke 18:2 is the second verse in Jesus' Parable of the Unjust Judge and the Persistent Widow, which spans [Luke 18:1-8](/luke/18-1-8 "Luke 18:1-8 - The Parable of the Unjust Judge and the Persistent Widow"). The verse immediately follows the stated purpose of the parable in [Luke 18:1](/luke/18-1 "Luke 18:1 - The Purpose of the Parable"), which is "that men ought always to pray, and not to faint." This introduction of the judge's character is crucial, as it provides the foil against which the widow's persistence and, more importantly, God's character, are highlighted. The parable itself comes after Jesus' discourse on the coming of the Son of Man and the signs of the end times in [Luke 17:20-37](/luke/17-20-37 "Luke 17:20-37 - The Coming of the Kingdom of God"), suggesting that persistent prayer is especially vital during times of waiting, tribulation, and uncertainty regarding divine intervention. The judge's unrighteousness magnifies the ultimate triumph of the persistent, underscoring the power of unwavering faith in God's eventual justice.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the Greco-Roman world of Jesus' time, judges held significant power, often serving as local magistrates responsible for administering justice. However, the system was frequently susceptible to corruption, bribery, and personal bias, especially in regions under Roman provincial rule where local officials might exploit their positions. Widows, as described in the Old Testament and New Testament, were among the most vulnerable members of society, often lacking legal standing, financial resources, and male protectors. They were particularly susceptible to exploitation and had little recourse against an unjust system. A judge who "feared not God" would disregard divine law, which in Jewish tradition emphasized justice for the vulnerable, and one who "neither regarded man" would have no social conscience or empathy for the plight of the poor and marginalized. This portrayal of the judge would have resonated deeply with Jesus' audience, who were well aware of such injustices.

* **Key Themes:** Luke 18:2 contributes significantly to several key themes within the broader narrative of Luke's Gospel and biblical theology. Firstly, it establishes the theme of **divine justice versus human injustice**. The judge's character serves as a stark contrast to God's inherent righteousness and concern for the oppressed, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture (e.g., [Deuteronomy 10:18](/deuteronomy/10-18 "Deuteronomy 10:18 - God Defends the Fatherless and Widow")). Secondly, it underscores the theme of **persistent prayer** and its efficacy, despite seemingly insurmountable obstacles. The judge's unwillingness to act, born of his corrupt nature, highlights the extraordinary nature of the widow's perseverance and sets the stage for Jesus' concluding point about God's readiness to answer His chosen ones' prayers (as seen in [Luke 18:7-8](/luke/18-7-8 "Luke 18:7-8 - God Will Avenge His Elect")). Finally, the verse implicitly touches upon the theme of **accountability**, both human and divine. While the judge is accountable to no one in his city, the parable ultimately points to God as the ultimate judge who will bring justice to all, especially those who cry out to Him.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **judge (Greek, _kritḗs'_):** G2923. From the verb _krínō_ (to judge), this noun denotes one who is appointed to decide legal cases, pronounce judgment, or generally govern. In this context, it refers to a civil magistrate. The choice of this term highlights his official capacity, making his subsequent moral failings even more egregious, as he holds a position meant to uphold justice.
* **feared (Greek, _phobéō'_):** G5399. This verb means "to frighten," "to be alarmed," or, by analogy, "to be in awe of" or "revere." The negative particle "not" (G3361, _mḗ_) preceding it indicates a complete absence of reverence or awe towards God. This is not merely a lack of religious observance, but a fundamental disregard for divine authority, moral law, and ultimate accountability to a higher power. It signifies a profound spiritual and ethical bankruptcy, as the "fear of the Lord" is foundational to wisdom and righteous living in biblical thought (e.g., [Proverbs 9:10](/proverbs/9-10 "Proverbs 9:10 - The Fear of the Lord is the Beginning of Wisdom")).
* **regarded (Greek, _entrépō'_):** G1788. This verb, from _en_ (in) and the base of _tropḗ_ (a turning), means "to invert" or "to turn in upon oneself." Figuratively and reflexively, it can mean "to respect" (in a good sense) or "to confound/shame" (in a bad sense). In this verse, with the negative particle "neither" (G2532 _kaí_ G3361 _mḗ_), it signifies that the judge felt no shame, respect, or even basic consideration for human beings. He was utterly indifferent to their needs, rights, or dignity, operating purely out of self-interest without any social conscience or empathy.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Saying, There was in a city a judge":** Jesus begins the parable by introducing the setting and the primary human character. The phrase "in a city" (Greek, _en pólis_) suggests a common, everyday locale, making the judge's character relatable to the listeners' own experiences with local authorities. The immediate introduction of "a judge" (Greek, _kritḗs_) sets the stage for a narrative centered on justice, or rather, the lack thereof.
* **"which feared not God":** This clause immediately establishes the judge's spiritual and moral deficiency. His lack of fear or reverence for God means he operates outside of divine law and ultimate accountability. He does not acknowledge God's sovereignty, His commandments, or the coming judgment. This profound spiritual disconnect is the root of his unrighteousness, as the fear of God is often presented as the foundation of all true wisdom and justice in biblical teaching.
* **"neither regarded man":** This second clause complements the first, demonstrating the judge's complete lack of human compassion or social responsibility. He is not only unconcerned with divine judgment but also indifferent to the well-being, rights, or dignity of his fellow human beings. The phrase "regarded man" (Greek, _entrépō ánthrōpon_) implies a lack of shame, respect, or even basic consideration. Together, these two clauses paint a picture of a man utterly self-serving, without any internal or external moral compass.

#### Literary Devices
Luke 18:2 masterfully employs several literary devices to establish the character of the unjust judge and set the stage for the parable's profound lesson. The most prominent device is **Characterization**, where Jesus immediately and succinctly defines the judge through two powerful negations: "feared not God, neither regarded man." This direct and blunt description leaves no ambiguity about his moral depravity. This character also functions as a **Foil**, serving as a stark contrast to God's own character, which the parable will ultimately reveal as just, compassionate, and attentive to the cries of His people. The judge's extreme unrighteousness also employs a form of **Hyperbole** or deliberate exaggeration, making his character so reprehensible that any action he takes (or is forced to take) becomes all the more remarkable. This extreme portrayal amplifies the power of the widow's persistence and the subsequent lesson about God's responsiveness. Furthermore, the verse uses **Parallelism** in its two negative clauses ("feared not God" and "neither regarded man"), creating a balanced and emphatic statement that underscores the judge's dual failure in both his vertical relationship with God and his horizontal relationships with humanity.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Luke 18:2, by vividly portraying the unjust judge, serves as a theological anchor for understanding God's character in contrast to human depravity. The judge's utter lack of fear of God and disregard for humanity highlights the very attributes that define God: His perfect righteousness, unwavering justice, and profound compassion for the vulnerable. While earthly systems and authorities may fail, proving corrupt and unresponsive, this verse sets the stage for Jesus to assure His disciples that the Heavenly Father is fundamentally different. God is not reluctant, indifferent, or unjust; He is actively concerned with the cries of His elect and will swiftly bring about justice on their behalf. This provides immense comfort and encouragement for believers to persevere in prayer, knowing that their petitions are heard by a righteous and loving God who is unlike any human judge.

* [Deuteronomy 10:17](/deuteronomy/10-17 "Deuteronomy 10:17 - God Shows No Partiality")
* [Psalm 146:7-9](/psalms/146-7-9 "Psalm 146:7-9 - God Upholds the Cause of the Oppressed")
* [Philippians 4:6](/philippians/4-6 "Philippians 4:6 - Do Not Be Anxious, But Pray")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The character of the unjust judge in Luke 18:2, though a negative example, offers profound insights for contemporary believers. It compels us to reflect on the nature of true justice and the character of the God we serve. In a world where injustice often seems to prevail, where systems can be corrupt, and where the vulnerable are often overlooked, this verse reminds us that our ultimate hope and recourse lie not in human institutions but in the perfectly righteous and attentive God. It challenges us to examine our own hearts: Do we "fear God" in the sense of holding Him in reverent awe and obeying His commands? Do we "regard man" by showing compassion, respect, and advocating for justice for others, especially the marginalized? The judge's character serves as a powerful negative model, urging us to cultivate a life marked by integrity, empathy, and a deep commitment to both divine principles and human dignity. Ultimately, this verse strengthens our resolve to pray persistently, knowing that if even an unrighteous judge can be moved by sheer persistence, how much more will our loving and just God respond to the earnest cries of His children.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what ways might I, or those around me, subtly reflect the judge's lack of "fear of God" or "regard for man" in daily life or decision-making?**
* **How does understanding the judge's character deepen my appreciation for God's justice and compassion?**
* **What specific areas of my life or current circumstances require persistent prayer, trusting that God is not like the unjust judge?**
* **How can I better embody a "fear of God" and "regard for man" in my interactions and responsibilities, especially if I hold a position of influence?**

### FAQ

**Why does Jesus choose such a negative character to illustrate a positive lesson about prayer?**

Answer: Jesus deliberately uses the "unjust judge" as a **contrastive example** to amplify the power of the lesson on persistent prayer. The judge is portrayed in the worst possible light – he fears neither God nor man, meaning he is devoid of both divine reverence and human empathy. If even such a thoroughly corrupt and unwilling figure can be swayed by sheer persistence, then how much more readily will a righteous and loving God, who delights in hearing His children, respond to their earnest and persistent prayers? The extreme nature of the judge's character underscores the certainty of God's response, making the promise of answered prayer even more compelling and trustworthy. It's a "from the lesser to the greater" argument, emphasizing God's benevolent nature compared to human depravity.

**What does "feared not God, neither regarded man" truly mean in terms of the judge's character?**

Answer: This phrase is a concise yet comprehensive indictment of the judge's character, revealing his complete moral and spiritual bankruptcy. To "fear God" (Greek, _phobéō theós_) in biblical terms means to hold God in reverent awe, acknowledging His sovereignty, His justice, and His ultimate authority. It implies a moral compass guided by divine law and a recognition of accountability to a higher power. The judge's lack of this fear means he operates without any divine restraint or moral obligation. To "regard man" (Greek, _entrépō ánthrōpon_) implies having respect, empathy, or even basic human decency towards others. The judge's lack of this means he is utterly self-centered, indifferent to the suffering or rights of his fellow human beings, particularly the vulnerable. Together, these two negations paint a picture of a person who is utterly self-serving, without any internal moral compass (fear of God) or external social conscience (regard for man). He is a law unto himself, embodying the very antithesis of justice.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The unjust judge of Luke 18:2, defined by his lack of fear of God and disregard for humanity, serves as a powerful foil that ultimately points to the perfect justice and compassion embodied in Jesus Christ. Unlike this corrupt magistrate, Jesus is the one who perfectly "feared God" in His absolute obedience to the Father's will, even to the point of death on the cross ([Philippians 2:8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Christ's Obedience to Death")). His entire earthly ministry was characterized by a profound "regard for man," as He consistently sought out and ministered to the marginalized, the sick, the poor, and the oppressed, demonstrating divine compassion (e.g., [Matthew 9:36](/matthew/9-36 "Matthew 9:36 - Jesus Has Compassion on the Crowds")).

Furthermore, the parable's ultimate lesson about persistent prayer and God's swift justice finds its fulfillment in Christ. The unjust judge reluctantly grants justice, but Jesus, as our great High Priest and Advocate, intercedes for us perfectly and tirelessly before the Father ([Hebrews 7:25](/hebrews/7-25 "Hebrews 7:25 - Jesus Always Lives to Intercede"), [1 John 2:1](/1_john/2-1 "1 John 2:1 - Jesus Christ, the Righteous Advocate")). Through His atoning sacrifice, Christ has secured our access to God's throne of grace, ensuring that our prayers are not met with indifference but with divine favor and a promise of just response ([Hebrews 4:16](/hebrews/4-16 "Hebrews 4:16 - Approach the Throne of Grace with Confidence")). The widow's persistence is a shadow of the unwavering faith that Christ enables in us, guaranteeing that the true Judge, God Himself, will indeed "grant justice to His elect who cry to Him day and night" because of the finished work and ongoing intercession of His Son, Jesus Christ, the righteous one who both fears God and perfectly regards humanity.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Proverbs 29:7

¶ The righteous considereth the cause of the poor: [but] the wicked regardeth not to know [it].

Psalms 8:1

¶ To the chief Musician upon Gittith, A Psalm of David. O LORD our Lord, how excellent [is] thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory above the heavens.

Psalms 8:4

What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?

Luke 18:4

And he would not for a while: but afterward he said within himself, Though I fear not God, nor regard man;

Micah 3:1

¶ And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; [Is it] not for you to know judgment?

Micah 3:3

Who also eat the flesh of my people, and flay their skin from off them; and they break their bones, and chop them in pieces, as for the pot, and as flesh within the caldron.

2 Chronicles 19:3

Nevertheless there are good things found in thee, in that thou hast taken away the groves out of the land, and hast prepared thine heart to seek God.