Leviticus 9:20

KJV

And they put the fat upon the breasts, and he burnt the fat upon the altar:

KJV (with Strong's)

And they put {H7760} the fat {H2459} upon the breasts {H2373}, and he burnt {H6999} the fat {H2459} upon the altar {H4196}:

Complete Jewish Bible

They put the fat on the breasts, and he made the fat go up in smoke on the altar.

Berean Standard Bible

and placed these on the breasts. Aaron burned the fat portions on the altar,

American Standard Version

and they put the fat upon the breasts, and he burnt the fat upon the altar:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Leviticus 9:20 meticulously details a crucial step in the inaugural priestly service of Aaron and his sons, where the internal fat of the sacrificial animals was carefully placed upon the breasts and then ritually consumed by fire upon the altar. This precise act was fundamental to the prescribed worship, serving to symbolize the dedication of the choicest and most vital part of the offering exclusively to God, thereby affirming divine holiness and demonstrating the priests' meticulous obedience to God's commands for acceptable sacrifice, ultimately paving the way for the manifestation of God's glory and approval of their newly consecrated ministry.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Leviticus 9 marks a profound transition, moving from the detailed instructions for the consecration of Aaron and his sons in [Leviticus 8](/leviticus/8 "Leviticus 8 - Consecration of Aaron and His Sons") to their first official acts as consecrated priests. Having undergone purification and ordination, they now perform the prescribed sin offerings, burnt offerings, and peace offerings, first for themselves and then for the entire congregation. This chapter represents the culmination of the Tabernacle's construction and the establishment of its comprehensive worship system, setting the stage for the dramatic appearance of God's glory to the people, as vividly described in [Leviticus 9:23-24](/leviticus/9-23-24 "Leviticus 9:23-24 - The Glory of the Lord Appears and Consumes the Sacrifice"). The precise execution of these rituals, including the specific handling of the fat and breasts in verse 20, profoundly underscores the absolute necessity of strict adherence to divine command, a principle tragically highlighted by the subsequent judgment upon Nadab and Abihu in [Leviticus 10](/leviticus/10 "Leviticus 10 - The Death of Nadab and Abihu") for offering unauthorized fire.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In ancient Israelite worship, the sacrificial system was the central means by which the covenant relationship with Yahweh was maintained and expressed. The Tabernacle, recently completed and consecrated, served as the tangible dwelling place of God among His people, and the various offerings provided the divinely ordained means for atonement, communion, and thanksgiving. The burning of the internal fat on the altar was a common and highly significant feature of many offerings, particularly the peace offering (cf. [Leviticus 3](/leviticus/3 "Leviticus 3 - The Peace Offering")), where the internal fat was explicitly designated as the "Lord's food" (cf. [Leviticus 3:11](/leviticus/3-11 "Leviticus 3:11 - The Lord's Food")). This practice was deeply rooted in the understanding that the fat (חֵלֶב, _chelev_), representing the richest, choicest, and most vital part of the animal, belonged exclusively to God and was strictly forbidden for human consumption (cf. [Leviticus 7:23-25](/leviticus/7-23-25 "Leviticus 7:23-25 - Prohibition on Eating Fat and Blood")). The "breasts" (חָזֶה, _chazeh_) were typically part of the wave offering, designated as a portion for the priests; however, even from this priestly share, the fat was meticulously separated and offered to God, profoundly emphasizing His supreme claim over all aspects of the sacrifice and the meticulousness required in their sacred duties.

* **Key Themes:** Leviticus 9:20 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Leviticus and the broader Pentateuch. It powerfully reinforces the theme of **Divine Holiness**, emphasizing that God is utterly set apart and demands a corresponding holiness and purity in worship and life from His people. The dedication of the choicest fat underscores the theme of **Total Consecration and Offering the Best**, teaching that true worship involves giving God our utmost, not merely our leftovers. The meticulous adherence to the ritual, including the precise handling of the fat and breasts, highlights the theme of **Obedience to Divine Command** as foundational to acceptable worship and covenant faithfulness, a principle vividly contrasted by the subsequent disobedience in [Leviticus 10](/leviticus/10 "Leviticus 10 - The Death of Nadab and Abihu"). Furthermore, the act of burning the fat as a "pleasing aroma" contributes to the theme of **Atonement and Acceptance**, foreshadowing the means by which God would accept His people and dwell among them, ultimately finding its perfect fulfillment in the New Covenant.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Fat (Hebrew, _cheleb'_ H2459):** This term refers specifically to the rich, internal suet or fatty portions surrounding the vital organs (such as the kidneys, intestines, and liver) of the sacrificial animal, distinct from mere adipose tissue or muscle fat. In the Old Testament, _cheleb_ was consistently designated as the Lord's exclusive portion, symbolizing the best, the richest, and the most vital essence of the offering. Its complete combustion on the altar signified the offering of the choicest and most valuable element to God, acknowledging His supreme holiness and worthiness to receive the utmost. It was strictly forbidden for human consumption, reinforcing its sacred status and exclusive reservation for divine use.
* **Burnt (Hebrew, _qâṭar'_ H6999):** This primitive root describes the act of causing something to ascend in smoke, particularly in the context of an offering made to God. It is not merely "burning" for destruction, but rather an act of worship designed to produce a "pleasing aroma" (רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, _reiach niḥoach_) to the Lord. The ascending smoke symbolized the offering's acceptance by God and the worshiper's communion with Him. In Leviticus 9:20, Aaron, as the chief priest, performs this act, signifying the formal and solemn presentation of God's designated portion.
* **Breasts (Hebrew, _châzeh'_ H2373):** The breast of the sacrificial animal was a specific portion designated for the priests as part of their sustenance from the offerings, particularly from the peace offering (cf. [Leviticus 7:30-31](/leviticus/7-30-31 "Leviticus 7:30-31 - Priests' Share of the Peace Offering")). In the context of Leviticus 9:20, the fat was placed *upon* the breasts, indicating a precise ritual action where even the portion allocated for the priests was involved in the separation of God's exclusive share. This highlights the meticulousness required in handling sacred things and the overarching principle that God's claim superseded all others, even the priests' rightful portions.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And they put the fat upon the breasts":** This initial clause describes the preparatory action performed by Aaron's sons ("they," referring to the priests assisting Aaron). It signifies the careful separation and deliberate placement of the internal fat, which was considered the most valuable and sacred part, onto the breasts of the animal. This act underscored the meticulous adherence to divine instructions for handling the sacrificial elements, ensuring that God's portion was distinctly identified and prepared even before it was offered. It also highlights the symbolic connection between the priests' portion (the breasts) and God's portion (the fat), demonstrating that even the priests' sustenance was derived from a system ultimately dedicated to God's glory.
* **"and he burnt the fat upon the altar":** This second clause describes the climactic act of offering, performed by Aaron ("he," referring to Aaron as the high priest). The fat, having been meticulously placed on the breasts, was then transferred to the altar of burnt offering and consumed by fire. This act of "burning" (more accurately, causing smoke to ascend) was the formal, solemn presentation of God's choicest portion, intended to be a "pleasing aroma" to the Lord. It symbolized the complete dedication of the best to God, an act of worship that affirmed divine ownership and holiness, and was essential for the acceptance of the sacrifice and the establishment of communion between God and His people.

#### Literary Devices
Leviticus 9:20 is profoundly rich in **Symbolism**. The **fat** itself serves as a potent symbol, representing the best, the richest, and the most vital part of the animal, thereby signifying the offering of supreme value and essence to God. Its exclusive reservation for God underscores His absolute holiness and His inherent right to the choicest. The **altar** functions as a central symbol of divine presence, atonement, and communion, serving as the sacred nexus where human offerings meet divine acceptance and where God's consuming fire signifies His presence and approval. The act of "burning" (וַיַּקְטֵר, _vayyaqṭēr_) is also deeply symbolic, not merely of destruction, but of an offering ascending to God as a "pleasing aroma," signifying acceptance, the establishment of a relationship, and the removal of sin's barrier. The meticulous **Ritual Precision** described, down to the specific placement of the fat upon the breasts, serves as a literary device to emphasize the gravity and sanctity of the worship, highlighting that God's commands are to be followed with absolute exactness due to His holy character. This precision also foreshadows the perfect order and execution required for the ultimate, flawless sacrifice.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Leviticus 9:20 powerfully communicates several enduring theological truths that transcend its ancient ritual context. It underscores the absolute holiness of God, who demands and deserves the very best from His people, signifying that true worship involves offering our utmost to God, not merely our leftovers. This act also highlights the paramount importance of meticulous obedience in worship, emphasizing that God Himself prescribes the terms of communion, and any deviation carries serious consequences. Furthermore, the concept of a "pleasing aroma" ascending to God points to the divine acceptance of the sacrifice, establishing a pattern of atonement and fellowship that would ultimately find its perfect and complete fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ.

* [Leviticus 3:17](/leviticus/3-17 "Prohibition of Eating Fat")
* [Romans 12:1](/romans/12-1 "Living Sacrifice")
* [Hebrews 10:1-4](/hebrews/10-1-4 "Inadequacy of Old Covenant Sacrifices")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While Leviticus 9:20 describes an ancient ritual, its underlying principles remain profoundly relevant and transformative for believers today. The burning of the fat on the altar serves as a timeless reminder that our worship and devotion to God should be characterized by offering our "best," not just what is convenient or leftover. This "best" might manifest as our most valuable time, our unique talents, our financial resources, or the deepest affections and priorities of our hearts. It calls us to intentionality and wholeheartedness in our spiritual lives, recognizing that a holy God deserves our utmost reverence, dedication, and love. Our obedience is not a means to earn favor, but rather a joyful expression of love and gratitude for a God who has already given His best for us. Just as the fat was a "sweet savor" to the Lord, so our lives, offered in complete dedication and obedience, can become a living sacrifice, holy and pleasing to God, which is our true and spiritual worship.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What does "offering the fat," or giving my "choicest portion," look like in my daily life and spiritual practices today?**
* **In what specific areas of my life am I tempted to offer God less than my "best" or my "choicest portion," perhaps out of convenience or apathy?**
* **How does the precision and reverence demanded in Old Testament worship inform my approach to intentionality and wholeheartedness in my own worship and service to God?**
* **What does it mean for my life to be a "pleasing aroma" to God, and what practical steps can I take to cultivate that kind of sacrificial living?**

### FAQ

**Why was the fat specifically reserved for God?**

Answer: The fat (חֵלֶב, _chelev_) was considered the choicest, richest, and most vital part of the animal, symbolizing its very essence and vitality. By reserving it exclusively for God and strictly forbidding its human consumption (as seen in [Leviticus 3:17](/leviticus/3-17 "Prohibition of Eating Fat") and [Leviticus 7:23-25](/leviticus/7-23-25 "Prohibition on Eating Fat and Blood")), God underscored His absolute holiness, His supreme claim over all creation, and His worthiness to receive the utmost from His people. It was a profound act of acknowledging divine sovereignty and demonstrating complete dedication and reverence.

**What is the significance of "burning" the fat on the altar?**

Answer: The act of "burning" (וַיַּקְטֵר, _vayyaqṭēr_) in this context is more accurately translated as "causing to ascend in smoke" or "offering by fire." It was not a destructive act but a ritual presentation to God. As the fat ascended in smoke, it was considered a "pleasing aroma" (רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, _reiach niḥoach_) to the Lord, signifying His acceptance of the offering and the establishment of communion with the worshiper. The altar itself was the designated, sacred place of encounter between God and humanity, where atonement was made and fellowship restored through the divinely appointed means of sacrifice.

**How do the "breasts" fit into this ritual, given they were typically for the priests?**

Answer: The breasts (חָזֶה, _chazeh_) were part of the wave offering, a specific portion designated for the priests as their sustenance from the sacrifices, particularly from the peace offering (cf. [Leviticus 7:30-31](/leviticus/7-30-31 "Leviticus 7:30-31 - Priests' Share of the Peace Offering")). In Leviticus 9:20, the fat was placed *upon* the breasts before being burnt on the altar. This specific action highlights the meticulousness of the ritual and the overarching principle that even the portions designated for the priests were subject to God's prior and supreme claim. It demonstrated that God's portion (the fat) was to be meticulously separated and offered to Him, even if it was found on or intimately connected to the part that would otherwise go to the priests, reinforcing the sanctity and exclusivity of God's share in all offerings.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Leviticus 9:20, with its profound emphasis on offering the choicest "fat" as a "pleasing aroma" to God, finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. The animal sacrifices of the Old Covenant, including the meticulous burning of the fat on the altar, were but shadows and types pointing to the superior reality of Christ's once-for-all sacrifice. Jesus, as the spotless [John 1:29](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God"), offered Himself—the "choicest," most valuable, and only perfect offering imaginable—on the "altar" of the cross. His self-offering was not merely a ritualistic act but a perfect, willing, and complete surrender, a sacrifice of infinite worth that truly ascended to God as a "fragrant offering and sacrifice" (cf. [Ephesians 5:2](/ephesians/5-2 "Ephesians 5:2 - Christ's Sacrificial Love")). Unlike the fat of animals, which could only temporarily cover sin, Christ's precious blood cleanses completely and eternally (cf. [Hebrews 9:14](/hebrews/9-14 "Hebrews 9:14 - Christ's Blood Cleanses from Dead Works")). He is the fulfillment of all the Old Testament types, the perfect High Priest and the perfect Sacrifice, whose finished work (cf. [John 19:30](/john/19-30 "John 19:30 - It is Finished")) permanently secured access to God and made us acceptable in His sight, transforming our lives into living sacrifices (cf. [Romans 12:1](/romans/12-1 "Romans 12:1 - Living Sacrifice")) enabled by His indwelling Spirit.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Leviticus 7:29

Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, He that offereth the sacrifice of his peace offerings unto the LORD shall bring his oblation unto the LORD of the sacrifice of his peace offerings.

Leviticus 7:34

For the wave breast and the heave shoulder have I taken of the children of Israel from off the sacrifices of their peace offerings, and have given them unto Aaron the priest and unto his sons by a statute for ever from among the children of Israel.

Leviticus 3:14

And he shall offer thereof his offering, [even] an offering made by fire unto the LORD; the fat that covereth the inwards, and all the fat that [is] upon the inwards,

Leviticus 3:17

[It shall be] a perpetual statute for your generations throughout all your dwellings, that ye eat neither fat nor blood.