Leviticus 27:31

Context of Leviticus 27:31

Leviticus 27 concludes the book of Leviticus by detailing various laws concerning vows, dedications, and valuations of things consecrated to the Lord. This chapter emphasizes the sanctity of items and persons set apart for God's service. Verses 30-33 specifically address the law of tithes, establishing them as inherently "holy unto the LORD." The tithe (a tenth part) of agricultural produce and livestock was God's portion, designated for the support of the priesthood and the functioning of the tabernacle worship. This verse deals with a specific scenario: what happens if someone wishes to "redeem" or buy back something that was already designated as their tithe.

Key Themes and Messages

• The Holiness of Tithes: The foundational principle is that tithes are not merely donations but are declared "holy unto the LORD" (Leviticus 27:30). They belong to God by divine right.
• Sanctity of Commitments: Once something is consecrated or identified as a tithe, it is set apart. The law in verse 31 discourages casual changes of mind regarding commitments made to God. It underscores the seriousness with which God views human vows and dedications.
• Cost of Redemption: If an Israelite desired to buy back a portion of their tithes, they were required to add a "fifth part" (20%) to its value. This surcharge served as a penalty, reinforcing the idea that things devoted to God should remain so. It made the act of redemption financially burdensome, thereby encouraging faithfulness to initial dedications. This principle of adding a fifth part is also seen in laws concerning trespass offerings and restitution (Leviticus 5:16, Numbers 5:7).

Linguistic Insights

The Hebrew word for "redeem" here is ga'al (גאל), which means "to buy back," "to reclaim," or "to rescue." In this context, it refers to the act of reacquiring property that has been consecrated to God. The phrase "the fifth part" (חֹמֶשׁ, chomesh) consistently refers to an additional 20% surcharge, often applied when restitution or redemption is made for something dedicated or damaged.

Practical Application

While the specific laws of tithing and redemption of agricultural produce are part of the Old Covenant, the underlying principles remain relevant for believers today:

• Seriousness of Commitments: This verse reminds us of the importance of taking our vows and commitments to God seriously. Whether it's a baptismal vow, a marriage covenant, or a promise made in prayer, our word to God should be kept with integrity.
• Stewardship and God's Ownership: The concept that tithes are "holy unto the LORD" emphasizes that all we have ultimately belongs to God. Our giving is not merely charity but an act of returning to God what is already His, acknowledging His sovereignty and provision.
• Consequences of Reversal: The penalty for redeeming a tithe highlights that reversing spiritual commitments or neglecting our responsibilities to God can come with a spiritual cost, even if not a direct financial one in the New Covenant. It encourages careful consideration before making promises and steadfastness in fulfilling them.