Leviticus 20:21

Leviticus 20:21 addresses a specific prohibition within God's laws given to ancient Israel concerning sexual purity and family sanctity. This verse declares that a man who takes his brother's wife commits an "unclean thing," which results in childlessness for the couple.

Context

This verse is part of a larger section in Leviticus 20, which details various capital offenses and illicit sexual relationships, reinforcing the call for Israel to be a holy nation set apart from the practices of surrounding pagan cultures. It builds upon the broader context of forbidden sexual relationships outlined in Leviticus 18, emphasizing the sanctity of family lines and the divine order for marriage. It's crucial to distinguish this prohibition from the specific provision of Levirate marriage detailed in Deuteronomy 25:5-10, where a brother was commanded to marry his deceased, childless brother's widow to raise up an heir. Leviticus 20:21 specifically forbids taking a brother's wife while the brother is still alive, or after his death if there were already children from the first union, or if it was not done for the purpose of preserving the deceased brother's lineage as per the Levirate law.

Key Themes

• Holiness and Purity: God's consistent demand for moral and sexual purity among His people. The act is called an "unclean thing," indicating it is an abomination in God's sight that defiles the community.
• Sanctity of Marriage and Family: The law protects the integrity of marital bonds and the established family structure. Such an act is a profound violation of familial boundaries and respect, described as "uncovering his brother's nakedness," a euphemism for sexual relations that implies a deep breach of trust and honor.
• Consequences of Disobedience: The severe judgment of "childlessness" underscores the gravity of the sin. This punishment not only impacts the couple directly but also carries significant implications in an ancient society where progeny was vital for inheritance, lineage, and social standing. It suggests a divine curse on the union, preventing it from producing a legitimate heir or flourishing. The severe consequence of childlessness underscores the gravity of violating God's laws, a principle seen throughout the Old Testament regarding disobedience and its curses.

Linguistic Insights

The phrase "unclean thing" translates the Hebrew word niddah (נִדָּה), which often refers to menstrual impurity but broadly signifies something repulsive, abominable, or set apart due to defilement. Its use here highlights the moral repulsiveness of the act. "He hath uncovered his brother's nakedness" is a common biblical idiom for sexual intercourse, particularly illicit ones, emphasizing the profound violation of intimate boundaries and the shame associated with such an act.

Practical Application

While the specific context is ancient Israelite law, the underlying principles remain relevant. This verse teaches us about God's unchanging standard for sexual ethics and the sanctity of marriage. It emphasizes the importance of respecting family relationships and boundaries, understanding that certain unions are inherently contrary to God's design. It serves as a reminder that actions have consequences, and God values purity and order within human relationships, particularly within the family unit, which is foundational to society.