TRV
Translation
Complete Jewish Bible
Beit-L'va'ot and Sharuchen - thirteen cities, together with their villages;
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In the KJVVerse 6,328 of 31,102
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Commentary on Joshua 19 verses 1–9
1 ¶ And the second lot came forth to Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was within the inheritance of the children of Judah.
2 And they had in their inheritance Beersheba, or Sheba, and Moladah,
3 And Hazarshual, and Balah, and Azem,
4 And Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah,
5 And Ziklag, and Bethmarcaboth, and Hazarsusah,
6 And Bethlebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities and their villages:
7 Ain, Remmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities and their villages:
8 And all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalathbeer, Ramath of the south. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families.
9 Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them.
Simeon's lot was drawn after Judah's, Joseph's, and Benjamin's, because Jacob had put that tribe under disgrace; yet it is put before the two younger sons of Leah and the three sons of the handmaids. Not one person of note, neither judge nor prophet, was of this tribe, that we know of.
I. The situation of their lot was within that of Judah (Jos 19:1) and was taken from it, Jos 19:9. It seems, those that first surveyed the land thought it larger than it was, and that it would have held out to give every tribe in proportion as large a share as they had carved out for Judah; but, upon a more strict enquiry, it was found that it would not reach (Jos 19:9): The part of the children of Judah was too much for them, more than they needed, and more, as it proved, than fell to their share. Yet God did not by the lot lessen it, but left it to their prudence and care afterwards to discover and rectify the mistake, which when they did, 1. The men of Judah did not oppose the taking away of the cities again, which by the first distribution fell within their border, when they were convinced that they had more than their proportion. In all such cases errors must be excepted and a review admitted if there be occasion. Though, in strictness, what fell to their lot was their right against all the world, yet they would not insist upon it when it appeared that another tribe would want what they had to spare. Note, We must look on the things of others, and not on our own only. The abundance of some must supply the wants of others, that there may be somewhat of an equality, for which there may be equity where there is not law. 2. That which was thus taken off from Judah to be put into a new lot Providence directed to the tribe of Simeon, that Jacob's prophecy concerning this tribe might be fulfilled, I will divide them in Jacob. The cities of Simeon were scattered in Judah, with which tribe they were surrounded, except on that side towards the sea. This brought them into a confederacy with the tribe of Judah (Jdg 1:3), and afterwards was a happy occasion of the adherence of many of this tribe to the house of David, at the time of the revolt of the ten tribes to Jeroboam. Ch2 15:9, out of Simeon they fell to Asa in abundance. It is good being in a good neighbourhood.
II. The cities within their lot are here named. Beersheba, or Sheba, for these names seem to refer to the same place, is put first. Ziklag, which we read of in David's story, is one of them. What course they took to enlarge their borders and make room for themselves we find Ch1 4:39, etc.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 1–9. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Joshua 19:6 precisely details Bethlebaoth and Sharuhen as two of the thirteen cities, along with their associated villages, allotted to the tribe of Simeon. This verse serves as a meticulous record within the larger narrative of land distribution, underscoring God's unwavering faithfulness in fulfilling His covenant promises to Israel regarding their inheritance in the Promised Land, demonstrating divine precision in every aspect of His plan.
CONTEXT
Literary Context: This verse is deeply embedded within the exhaustive account of the land distribution to the tribes of Israel, specifically within Joshua 19. Chapters 13 through 19 of the Book of Joshua meticulously document the division of the Promised Land among the remaining tribes, following the initial allocations to Judah, Ephraim, and Manasseh. Joshua 19:1-9 specifically delineates the territory assigned to the tribe of Simeon. The inclusion of such detailed lists of cities is not merely a geographical record; it functions as a powerful testament to the fulfillment of God's ancient promises and the establishment of Israel's identity as a settled nation within their divinely appointed borders, solidifying the narrative of conquest and settlement.
Historical & Cultural Context: The division of the land represented a monumental transition for the Israelite nation, shifting from a period of nomadic wandering and conquest to one of settled nationhood. Land ownership was intrinsically linked to Israelite identity, social structure, and their covenant relationship with Yahweh. The process of allocation, overseen by Joshua, Eleazar the priest, and the tribal heads, involved casting lots, a practice understood to reveal divine guidance and approval in the distribution (Proverbs 16:33). Simeon's inheritance, uniquely situated as an enclave within the larger territory of Judah, carries significant historical weight, fulfilling the prophetic words of Jacob concerning Simeon's dispersion within Israel (see Genesis 49:7). The consistent mention of "villages" alongside "cities" reflects the typical settlement patterns of the ancient Near East, where smaller, often unfortified communities relied on the protection and resources of larger, fortified urban centers.
Key Themes: The meticulous enumeration of cities and their associated villages in Joshua 19 powerfully reinforces several foundational themes. Firstly, it emphatically demonstrates Divine Faithfulness and Fulfillment, showcasing God's unwavering commitment to His covenant promises made generations earlier to Abraham and his descendants concerning the land (e.g., Genesis 12:7). Every specific detail, including the naming of places like Bethlebaoth and Sharuhen, affirms that God's plan was meticulously executed, down to the last detail. Secondly, these detailed lists underscore Tribal Identity and Inheritance, establishing the physical boundaries and distinct identity of each tribe within the Promised Land, thereby defining their unique place, resources, and responsibilities. For Simeon, it highlighted their unique position as a distinct, yet integrated, part of the larger Israelite confederation. Lastly, the systematic and precise process of land division, recorded with such exactitude, emphasizes Order and Precision in God's dealings with His people, revealing His sovereign control and purposeful design in establishing the nation of Israel as a settled, organized entity.
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in Joshua 19:6, and indeed throughout the land distribution chapters (Joshua 13-19), is Enumeration or Cataloging. The detailed listing of specific cities like Bethlebaoth and Sharuhen, along with the precise count of "thirteen cities and their villages," serves to meticulously record the fulfillment of God's promises regarding the land. This extensive cataloging lends an air of historical accuracy and divine precision to the narrative, emphasizing that the land was not haphazardly acquired but meticulously divided according to God's sovereign plan. Additionally, the recurring phrase "and their villages" functions as a form of Repetition, reinforcing the comprehensive nature of each tribal inheritance and highlighting the completeness of God's provision. The sheer volume of names and numbers across these chapters also contributes to the sense of Verisimilitude, making the account feel historically grounded and authentic. Ultimately, the entire passage serves as a crucial segment of the larger Historical Narrative, documenting a pivotal phase in the establishment of Israel as a settled nation in the Promised Land.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 19:6, while appearing as a simple list of names and numbers, carries profound theological significance. It stands as a powerful testament to God's unwavering faithfulness and His meticulous attention to detail in fulfilling His covenant promises. The precise enumeration of cities and villages underscores that God's word is not vague or abstract, but concrete, reliable, and perfectly executed. Just as He promised Abraham a land for his descendants (e.g., Genesis 15:18), so He delivered it, down to the specific boundaries and settlements for each tribe. This divine precision assures us that God is sovereign over all details, both grand and minute, and that His plans are executed with perfect order and unfailing accuracy. This verse, therefore, becomes a cornerstone for understanding the trustworthiness of God's character and the absolute certainty of His Word, demonstrating that His promises are always "Yes" and "Amen" (2 Corinthians 1:20).
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The meticulous detail found in Joshua 19:6 invites us to reflect deeply on the nature of God's faithfulness in our own lives. If God, in His infinite wisdom and sovereign power, oversaw the precise distribution of ancient cities and villages to fulfill His promises to a nation, how much more is He attentive to every detail of our individual lives, our circumstances, and our future? This verse serves as a profound reminder that God is not a God of generalities but of specifics; His promises are not vague hopes but certain realities. It encourages us to cultivate a deeper trust in His sovereign care, even when our personal circumstances seem chaotic, insignificant, or beyond our control. Just as the tribes received a tangible, physical inheritance, believers today have an incorruptible spiritual inheritance in Christ, a reality made certain by the same God who faithfully divided the land. This passage calls us to rest in the assurance that God's plans for us are just as real, just as detailed, and just as certain as His ancient promises to Israel, providing comfort and stability in an often uncertain world.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why are these specific cities mentioned in such detail?
Answer: The detailed mention of specific cities like Bethlebaoth and Sharuhen serves several crucial purposes within the narrative of Joshua. Firstly, it provides a precise historical and legal record of the land distribution, confirming the literal fulfillment of God's covenant promises to Israel. This level of detail underscores the divine faithfulness and the tangible reality of the inheritance. Secondly, it establishes clear geographical and administrative boundaries for each tribe, ensuring clarity and preventing future disputes over territory. These cities were likely significant regional centers, strongholds, or key landmarks, making their inclusion vital for defining the exact extent and resources of Simeon's allotment. This precision highlights God's orderly and purposeful establishment of His people in the land.
What is the significance of "and their villages" being included with the cities?
Answer: The phrase "and their villages" is highly significant because it indicates that the inheritance was comprehensive and complete, not merely a collection of isolated urban centers. It means that the tribes received not only the main, often fortified, cities but also all the smaller, dependent settlements, hamlets, and the surrounding agricultural and pastoral lands. This ensured that each tribe had full control over their designated territory, including all the natural resources necessary for sustenance, defense, and growth. It emphasizes that the inheritance was a full and functional living space, providing for the complete well-being and self-sufficiency of the tribe within their divinely appointed borders.
How does Simeon's inheritance, as described here, differ from that of other tribes?
Answer: Simeon's inheritance was unique because, unlike most other tribes that received a distinct, contiguous territory, Simeon's portion was an enclave carved out from the larger territory of Judah. This arrangement is explicitly explained in Joshua 19:9, stating that "the portion of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them." This unique placement within Judah's borders is widely understood as a fulfillment of Jacob's prophetic words in Genesis 49:7, where he prophesied that Simeon and Levi would be "divided in Jacob and scattered in Israel." While Levi was scattered throughout Israel as priests without a contiguous land inheritance, Simeon was geographically dispersed within Judah's land, highlighting God's sovereign hand in fulfilling even the challenging aspects of ancient prophecies through specific historical and geographical outcomes.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Joshua 19:6 meticulously details a physical inheritance in the Promised Land, it profoundly points forward to the ultimate spiritual inheritance found in Jesus Christ. The precise division of land by lot, ensuring each tribe received its designated portion, foreshadows the perfect and comprehensive inheritance believers receive through Christ, not by human merit or effort, but by divine grace alone. Just as the land provided a place of rest and sustenance for ancient Israel, Christ offers true spiritual rest and eternal life to all who believe in Him, a rest that surpasses any earthly dwelling, as highlighted in Hebrews 4:9-10. The physical boundaries and security of the land find their ultimate fulfillment in the spiritual security and boundless blessings we have in Christ, who is our true "Promised Land" and eternal dwelling place. Our inheritance is not perishable land or temporary cities, but "an inheritance incorruptible, and undefiled, and that fadeth not away, reserved in heaven for you" (1 Peter 1:4). Through Christ, we are made co-heirs with Him (Romans 8:17), receiving a spiritual dwelling place and eternal citizenship in God's kingdom, a reality far surpassing any earthly territory (Ephesians 1:3-14 and Colossians 1:12). The precision of God's land distribution in Joshua assures us of the absolute certainty of the spiritual inheritance Jesus has secured for us, as He Himself declared He was going to prepare a place for us in His Father's house (John 14:2-3).