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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Job 29:1–6. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
Losers may have leave to speak, and there is nothing they speak of more feelingly than of the comforts they are stripped of. Their former prosperity is one of the most pleasing subjects of their thoughts and talk. It was so to Job, who begins here with a wish (Job 29:2): O that I were as in months past! so he brings in this account of his prosperity. His wish is, 1. "O that I were in as good a state as I was in then, that I had as much wealth, honour, and pleasure, as I had then!" This he wishes, from a concern he had, not so much for his ease, as for his reputation and the glory of his God, which he thought were eclipsed by his present sufferings. "O that I might be restored to my prosperity, and then the censures and reproaches of my friends would be effectually silenced, even upon their own principles, and for ever rolled away!" If this be our end in desiring life, health, and prosperity, that God may be glorified, and the credit of our holy profession rescued, preserved, and advanced, the desire is not only natural, but spiritual. 2. "O that I were in as good a frame of spirit as I was in then!" That which Job complained most of now was a load upon his spirits, through God's withdrawing from him; and therefore he wishes he now had his spirit as much enlarged and encouraged in the service of God as he had then and that he had as much freedom and fellowship with him as then thought himself happy in. This was in the days of his youth (Job 29:4), when he was in the prime of his time for the enjoyment of those things and could relish them with the highest gust. Note, Those that prosper in the days of their youth know not what black and cloudy days they are yet reserved for. Two things made the months past pleasant to Job: -
I.That he had comfort in his God.
This was the chief thing he rejoiced in, in his prosperity, as the spring of it and the sweetness of it, that he had the favour of God and the tokens of that favour. He did not attribute his prosperity to a happy turn of fortune, nor to his own might, nor to the power of his own hand, but makes the same acknowledgment that David does. Psa 30:7, Thou, by thy favour, hast made my mountain stand strong. A gracious soul delights in God's smiles, not in the smiles of this world. Four things were then very pleasant to holy Job: - 1. The confidence he had in the divine protection. They were the days when God preserved me, Job 29:2. Even then he saw himself exposed, and did not make his wealth his strong city nor trust in the abundance of his riches, but the name of the Lord was his strong tower; in that only he thought himself safe, and to that he ascribed it that he was then safe and that his comforts were preserved to him. The devil saw a hedge about him of God's making (Job 1:10), and Job saw it himself, and owned it was God's visitation that preserved his spirit, Job 10:12. Those only whom God protects are safe and may be easy; and therefore those who have ever so much of this world must not think themselves safe unless God preserve them. 2. The complacency he had in the divine favour (Job 29:3): God's candle shone upon his head, that is, God lifted up the light of his countenance upon him, gave him the assurances and sweet relishes of his love. The best of the communications of the divine favour to the saints in this world is but the candle-light, compared with what is reserved for them in the future state. But such abundant satisfaction did Job take in the divine favour that, by the light of that, he walked through darkness; that guided him in his doubts, comforted him in his griefs, bore him up under his burdens, and helped him through all his difficulties. Those that have the brightest sun-shine of outward prosperity must yet expect some moments of darkness. They are sometimes crossed, sometimes at a loss, sometimes melancholy. But those that are interested in the favour of God, and know how to value it, can, by the light of that, walk cheerfully and comfortably through all the darkness of this vale of tears. That puts gladness into the heart enough to counterbalance all the grievances of this present time. 3. The communion he had with the divine word (Job 29:4): The secret of God was upon my tabernacle, that is, God conversed freely with him, as one bosom-friend with another. He knew God's mind, and was not in the dark about it, as, of late, he had been. The secret of the Lord is said to be with those that fear him, for he shows them that in his covenant which others see not, Psa 25:14. God communicates his favour and grace to his people, and receives the return of their devotion in a way secret to the world. Some read it, When the society of God was in my tabernacle, which Rabbi Solomon understands of an assembly of God's people that used to meet at Job's house for religious worship, in which he presided; this he took a great deal of pleasure in, and the scattering of it was a trouble to him. Or it may be understood of the angels of God pitching their tents about his habitation. 4. The assurance he had of the divine presence (Job 29:5): The Almighty was yet with me. Now he thought God had departed from him, but in those days he was with him, and that was all in all to him. God's presence with a man in his house, though it be but a cottage, makes it both a castle and a palace.
II.That he had comfort in his family.
Every thing was agreeable there: he had both mouths for his meat and meat for his mouths; the want of either is a great affliction.
1.He had a numerous offspring to enjoy his estate: My children were about me. He had many children, enough to compass him round, and they were observant of him and obsequious to him; they were about him, to know what he would have and wherein they might serve him. It is a comfort to tender parents to see their children about them. Job speaks very feelingly of this comfort now that he was deprived of it. He thought it an instance of God's being with him that his children were about him; and yet reckon amiss if, when we have lost our children, we cannot comfort ourselves with this, that we have not lost our God.
2.He had a plentiful estate for the support of this numerous family, Job 29:6. His dairy abounded to such a degree that he might, if he pleased, wash his steps with butter; and his olive-yards were so fruitful, beyond expectation, that it seemed as if the rock poured him out rivers of oil. He reckons his wealth, not by his silver and gold, which were for hoarding, but by his butter and oil, which were for use; for what is an estate good for unless we take the good of it ourselves and do good with it to others?
Historical interpretation
Two Centuries of Reception
2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
If he actually searched for his former happiness, that was in order to show the providence of God; this is clear when he says, “In the days when God watched over me.” Then he gives evidence of this godly watch. “When his lamp,” he says, “shone over my head.” This means, you will make the light of my lamp shine, because a lamp is really necessary, if the present darkness is deep, if the difficulties of my situation are serious, as well as the assaults of physical suffering, and the plots of the wicked and the fights and attacks of cruel demons. All this shows that “by his light I walked through darkness.” You see that darkness invades everything and that “light shines through darkness.” But, as natural darkness is useful to have rest, it is not useful because of its own nature but thanks to the wisdom of God, who has created everything.
19. As of each individual man, so is the age of Holy Church described. For she was a little one, when fresh from the birth she was unable to preach the Word of Life. Hence it is said of her, My sister is a little one, and she hath no breasts; [Cant. 8, 8] in this way, that Holy Church, before she made progress by accessions of virtue, was not able to yield the teats of preaching to the weak ones her hearers. But the Church is called ‘adult’ when being wedded to the Word of God, filled with the Holy Spirit, by the office of preaching she is with young in the conception of children, with whom by exhorting she travails, whom by converting she brings forth. Of this age of hers it is said to the Lord; The young maidens have loved Thee. [Cant. 1, 3] For all the Churches, which constitute one Catholic Church, are called young maidens, not now aged by sin, but young ones by grace, not barren by old age, but by the age of the soul fitted for spiritual fruitfulness. Accordingly then, when in those days being as it were enfeebled by a kind of old age she hath not strength to bring forth children by preaching, she calls to mind the bygone fruitfulness, saying, As I was in the days of my youth. Though after those days wherein she is borne down, yet, this notwithstanding, now at length towards the actual end of times, she is empowered with a mighty efficacy of preaching. For the Gentiles being taken in to the full, all the Israelitish people that shall then be found she draws into the bosom of the faith. Since it is written; Until the fulness of the Gentiles be come in, and so all Israel shall be saved. [Rom. 11, 25. 26.] But before those times there shall be days, in the which she shall appear for a little while borne down by her adversaries, when too she remembers these days, saying,
As I was in the days of my youth; when God was secretly in my tabernacle.
20. What in this place do we take the ‘tabernacle’ for but the dwelling-place of the mind? Because by all that we do with taking thought, we dwell in the counsel of our heart. But whoever in silence thinks of the precepts of God, to him ‘God is secretly in his tabernacle.’ For he had seen the dwelling-place of his heart to be before the eyes of God, who said, And the meditation of my heart always in Thy sight. [Ps. 19, 14] For outward deeds are open to the eyes of men, but widely and incomparably more our interior and minutest thoughts are open to the eyes of God. For, as it is written, all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of Him. And oftentimes in the outward deed we are afraid to appear disordered before the eyes of men, and in the interior thought are not afraid of the regard of Him, Whom, whilst He sees all things, we see not. For we are much more discernible by God within than we are by men without. And hence all the Saints scan themselves both within and without on every side, and are in fear of either showing themselves blameworthy outwardly, or wicked inwardly to the invisible seeing. It is hence that the living creatures, which are seen by the Prophet, are recorded to be ‘full of eyes round about and within.’ [Ez. 1, 18. &10, 12. Rev. 4, 6. & 8.] For he that orders his outward circumstances respectably, but disregards the inward, has eyes ‘round about’ but not ‘within.’ But all the Saints, because they at once scan their exterior ways round and round that they may furnish good examples in themselves to their brethren, and watchfully mark their interior ways, because they are providing themselves irreproachable for the regarding eye of the Interior Judge, are described as having eyes both ‘round about and within;’ and that they may please God, even more do they make themselves complete within their interior self, as it is said by the Psalmist as well of Holy Church, All the glory of her, the king’s daughter, is from within. [Ps. 45, 13] But because she keeps her outward things also irreproachable, he added with justice concerning her; Clothed about in clothing of wrought gold with embroidery. That she should be at once beautiful to herself ‘within,’ and to others ‘without,’ both advancing herself by interior glory, and instructing others by the outward examples of deeds. Thus then let blessed Job say in himself, yea, let him say in the person of the Church Universal, When God was secretly in my tabernacle. For that he may make it evident how much he had advanced within, he tells, that ‘God was secretly in his tabernacle.’ That he may also show the deeds of righteousness to what extent he outwardly kept them.
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Summary
Job 29:4 encapsulates Job's profound yearning for a bygone era, a time of unparalleled divine intimacy and tangible favor. He vividly contrasts his present state of desolation and perceived abandonment with a past when the "secret of God," signifying confidential counsel and deep communion, rested powerfully upon his life. This verse serves as a poignant gateway into Job's lament, revealing the spiritual depth of his loss and highlighting his profound longing for the restoration of God's close and evident presence that once permeated his entire existence.
Context
Literary Context
Job 29 marks a significant pivot in the book, initiating Job's final, extended soliloquy. This eloquent lament follows the exhaustive and often circular debates with his three friends and precedes the speeches of Elihu and, ultimately, God's direct intervention. The chapter functions as a powerful rhetorical device, establishing a stark juxtaposition between Job's glorious past, characterized by honor, prosperity, and divine favor (Job 29), and his current, agonizing reality of suffering, isolation, and perceived divine withdrawal (Job 30). Verse 4 specifically anchors this contrast in the spiritual realm, setting the stage for his subsequent detailed descriptions of his public esteem and personal blessings, thereby amplifying the profound depth of his current spiritual and emotional desolation. It is the foundation upon which he builds his case for the injustice of his suffering.
Historical & Cultural Context
The setting of the book of Job is typically placed in the patriarchal period, likely in the land of Uz, a region generally considered to be east of Palestine. The societal structure depicted is tribal, with a strong emphasis on a patriarch's standing, wisdom, and justice within his community. Blessings of progeny, wealth, and public honor were commonly understood as tangible indicators of divine favor. The concept of a "tabernacle" (ʼôhel) here refers not merely to a physical tent but encompasses Job's entire household, his family, and his sphere of influence, reflecting the ancient Near Eastern understanding of a patriarch's home as the epicenter of his life, authority, and prosperity. The phrase "the secret of God" (çôwd) carries significant cultural weight, resonating with the idea of a king or wise man having privileged access to divine counsel or being part of an inner, confidential circle. This signified a highly esteemed and intimate relationship with the divine, a status that would have commanded immense respect and authority in ancient cultures.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes in the book of Job. It highlights the theme of Divine Intimacy and Counsel, portraying Job's past relationship with God as uniquely close, where he was privy to divine wisdom and confidence, much like how the LORD reveals His counsel to His servants, the prophets. It underscores Nostalgia for Lost Favor, as Job's lament is permeated with a deep yearning for the tangible presence and evident favor of God he once experienced, not merely material blessings. This yearning for a lost spiritual reality is a central emotional current throughout his speeches. Furthermore, the phrase "upon my tabernacle" speaks to God's Presence as a Dwelling, implying that God's protective, guiding, and blessing presence rested upon his life and everything associated with him, making his life a sanctuary where God's favor resided, similar to the concept of God dwelling among His people in the wilderness tabernacle or His presence filling the temple in Jerusalem.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This multifaceted term denotes "a session," "company of persons (in close deliberation)," "intimacy," "consultation," or "a secret." In this context, it implies privileged access to God's inner thoughts, plans, or being part of His intimate circle. It's not general knowledge about God, but a deep, personal understanding and confidential communion, suggesting a relationship of profound trust and shared confidence, far beyond mere acquaintance. It speaks to a divine disclosure to a trusted confidant.
This word literally means "a tent" (as clearly conspicuous from a distance), "covering," "dwelling (place)," or "home." While primarily a physical structure, in this context, it extends beyond a literal dwelling to encompass Job's entire household, his family, his possessions, and metaphorically, his very being or sphere of influence. It signifies the place where God's presence was manifestly felt and where His blessings resided, making his life and home a sanctuary of divine favor and protection.
This word properly refers to "the crop gathered," implying the "autumn (and winter) season." Figuratively, it denotes "ripeness of age." In Job 29:4, "youth" signifies not merely a chronological age but a prime period of life characterized by vigor, honor, prosperity, and the evident blessing of God. It represents a golden age of flourishing and vitality, a stark contrast to Job's present state of decay and suffering.
Verse Breakdown
"As I was in the days of my youth"
Job initiates a deeply personal retrospective, contrasting his present suffering and perceived abandonment with a past era of vitality, strength, and abundant prosperity. "Youth" here signifies not merely a specific age but a golden period of his life, characterized by vigor, honor, and profound divine blessing. This opening clause immediately establishes the stark contrast with his current desolate state, setting a tone of deep lament and longing for what has been lost.
"when the secret of God [was] upon my tabernacle;"
This is the spiritual core of Job's lament and the theological heart of the verse. It describes a profound, intimate relationship with God where divine counsel and confidential communion were a tangible reality in his life. The phrase "upon my tabernacle" indicates that this divine intimacy, wisdom, and favor permeated his entire existence—his home, his family, his public life, and his personal well-being—serving as the foundational source for all his past blessings and wisdom. It signifies a visible and active presence of God's counsel and protection over all that Job was and possessed.
Literary Devices
Job 29:4 employs several potent literary devices to convey Job's deep emotional and spiritual state. Nostalgia is central, as Job vividly recalls a cherished past, creating a stark contrast with his present misery and emphasizing the depth of his loss. The phrase "the secret of God was upon my tabernacle" is a powerful instance of Metaphor, where "tabernacle" represents not just a physical dwelling but Job's entire life, household, and even his inner being, upon which God's intimate presence and counsel rested. This also functions as Symbolism, with the "secret of God" symbolizing a profound, privileged, and confidential relationship with the Almighty, a level of intimacy and divine favor that Job perceives as having been tragically withdrawn. The verse also uses Juxtaposition by implicitly contrasting his former state of divine favor and intimacy with his current perceived abandonment and suffering, thereby amplifying the emotional weight and pathos of his lament.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Job 29:4 profoundly illustrates the human longing for divine intimacy and the deep pain of its perceived absence. It posits that true prosperity, beyond mere material wealth, is rooted in a confidential relationship with God, where His wisdom and presence are tangibly experienced. This verse connects to the broader biblical theme of God's desire for intimate fellowship with humanity, a fellowship often marked by revelation and guidance to those who fear Him. Job's lament highlights the deep spiritual vacuum created when such intimacy is seemingly withdrawn, prompting profound questions about divine sovereignty, the nature of suffering, and the preciousness of God's revealed counsel to His faithful. It underscores that the greatest blessing is not what God gives, but God Himself.
Reflection and Application
Job's poignant reflection in Job 29:4 serves as a powerful reminder of the profound and irreplaceable value of an intimate relationship with God. It challenges us to consider what truly constitutes prosperity, shifting our focus from external blessings to the invaluable presence and counsel of God in our "tabernacle"—our lives, our homes, our families, and our inner beings. While we may not always experience God's favor in the same tangible and outwardly evident ways as Job did in his youth, this verse encourages us to actively seek a deeper, more confidential walk with Him, recognizing that His "secret" is revealed to those who fear and diligently pursue Him. In times of difficulty, recalling past seasons of God's evident favor and intimacy can strengthen our faith, reminding us of His unchanging character and faithfulness, and prompting us to lean into His presence even when circumstances suggest otherwise. It invites us to cultivate a life where God's counsel is sought, His wisdom is cherished, and His presence is regarded as our most precious possession, understanding that true blessedness and spiritual flourishing flow from this divine intimacy.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What does "the secret of God" mean in this context?
In Job 29:4, "the secret of God" translates the Hebrew word çôwd (סוֹd), which signifies a profound level of intimacy, confidential counsel, or being part of an inner circle. It suggests that Job was not merely blessed by God, but was privy to divine thoughts and plans, enjoying a unique, confidential relationship. This implies a deep, personal understanding and communion, similar to how Psalm 25:14 states, "The secret of the Lord is with them that fear him." It was a privileged access to God's wisdom that underpinned Job's former prosperity and guidance, making his current spiritual vacuum and sense of abandonment all the more painful.
How does Job's "tabernacle" relate to God's presence?
The term "tabernacle" (Hebrew ʼôhel) refers to Job's dwelling place, his home, but also metaphorically extends to his entire household, his family, his possessions, and his very being. When Job says "the secret of God was upon my tabernacle," he means that God's protective, guiding, and blessing presence rested tangibly upon his life and everything associated with him. It implies that his life was a sanctuary where God's favor resided, making His presence the foundational element of Job's prosperity and well-being. This concept echoes the idea of God dwelling among His people in the wilderness tabernacle, signifying His intimate presence, guidance, and provision.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Job's poignant lament for the "secret of God upon my tabernacle" in Job 29:4 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. While Job longed for a past intimacy that he perceived as withdrawn, Christ embodies the permanent and perfect dwelling of God among humanity, becoming the ultimate "tabernacle" through His incarnation (John 1:14). In Him, the "secret of God"—the profound mysteries of God's will and plan for salvation, previously hidden—is fully revealed, as Paul declares in Colossians 2:2-3 that in Christ "are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge." Through Christ's atoning sacrifice and resurrection, believers are not merely granted temporary access to God's counsel, but are brought into an eternal covenant relationship, becoming temples of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 6:19). The intimacy Job yearned for is now a present reality for those in Christ, who are called not servants but "friends" by Jesus Himself (John 15:15), sharing in the very life and counsel of God through the indwelling Spirit. Thus, what Job experienced as a past, temporary blessing, is eternally secured and infinitely surpassed in the new covenant established through our Lord Jesus Christ, who is the full revelation of God's "secret" and the permanent dwelling of His presence with His people.