Hebrews 10:30

KJV

For we know him that hath said, Vengeance [belongeth] unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.

KJV (with Strong's)

For {G1063} we know {G1492} him that hath said {G2036}, Vengeance {G1557} belongeth unto me {G1698}, I {G1473} will recompense {G467}, saith {G3004} the Lord {G2962}. And {G2532} again {G3825}, The Lord {G2962} shall judge {G2919} his {G846} people {G2992}.

Complete Jewish Bible

For the One we know is the One who said,

“Vengeance is my responsibility;
I will repay,”

and then said,

“Adonai will judge his people.”

Berean Standard Bible

For we know Him who said, “Vengeance is Mine; I will repay,” and again, “The Lord will judge His people.”

American Standard Version

For we know him that said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Hebrews 10:30 serves as a profound declaration of God's exclusive right to judgment and retribution, quoting directly from the Old Testament to underscore His absolute sovereignty over justice. This verse provides a solemn warning against apostasy, reminding believers that the Lord alone possesses the authority to exact vengeance and recompense, and He will indeed execute righteous judgment upon His people, particularly those who have spurned His covenant of grace.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within a critical section of the Epistle to the Hebrews (chapters 10-12) that transitions from a detailed exposition of Christ's superior priesthood and sacrifice to a series of urgent warnings and exhortations for perseverance. Immediately preceding [Hebrews 10:30](/hebrews/10-30 "Hebrews 10:30 - God's Judgment Declared"), the author delivers one of the epistle's most severe warnings against willful sin after receiving the knowledge of the truth, emphasizing that for such individuals, "there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins, but a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries" ([Hebrews 10:26-27](/hebrews/10-26-27 "Hebrews 10:26-27 - Warning Against Willful Sin")). The reference to the Law's penalty for rejecting Moses' law ([Hebrews 10:28](/hebrews/10-28 "Hebrews 10:28 - Penalty for Rejecting Moses' Law")) sets the stage for the even greater punishment awaiting those who "tread under foot the Son of God" ([Hebrews 10:29](/hebrews/10-29 "Hebrews 10:29 - Consequences of Rejecting Christ")). Thus, [Hebrews 10:30](/hebrews/10-30 "Hebrews 10:30 - God's Judgment Declared") functions as the theological bedrock for these warnings, affirming the certainty and divine origin of the impending judgment.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The audience of Hebrews was primarily Jewish Christians, likely facing persecution or strong social pressure to revert to Judaism. This pressure might have tempted them to abandon their newfound faith in Christ and return to the perceived safety and familiarity of the Old Covenant system, including its temple rituals and sacrifices. The author's repeated emphasis on the superiority of Christ's sacrifice over the Levitical system directly addresses this temptation. By quoting from [Deuteronomy 32:35-36](/deuteronomy/32-35-36 "Deuteronomy 32:35-36 - God's Vengeance and Judgment"), a passage from the Song of Moses, the author taps into a foundational text of Israelite covenant theology. This song, delivered by Moses just before his death, serves as a solemn warning to Israel about the consequences of disobedience, reminding them that God, who established the covenant, is also the one who will enforce its terms, including judgment for unfaithfulness. The cultural understanding of divine justice in the ancient Near East was one where a sovereign ruler had the absolute right and power to punish rebellion and reward loyalty, a concept the author applies to God's relationship with His people.
* **Key Themes:** The verse significantly contributes to several overarching themes in Hebrews and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully reinforces the theme of **God's absolute sovereignty and justice**. The declaration "Vengeance belongeth unto me" underscores that retribution is not a human prerogative but a divine attribute, ensuring that justice is perfectly administered by an omniscient and righteous God. Secondly, it deepens the theme of **the seriousness of apostasy**. The warnings in [Hebrews 10](/hebrews/10 "Hebrews 10 - Christ's Sacrifice and Warning Against Apostasy") are not abstract; they are directed at those who might abandon the "new and living way" ([Hebrews 10:20](/hebrews/10-20 "Hebrews 10:20 - The New and Living Way")) opened by Christ's blood. The judgment mentioned is specifically for "his people," implying a covenant relationship that has been violated. Thirdly, it highlights the **finality and efficacy of Christ's sacrifice**. The author's argument throughout [Hebrews 9](/hebrews/9 "Hebrews 9 - Christ's Superior Sacrifice") and [Hebrews 10](/hebrews/10 "Hebrews 10 - Christ's Sacrifice and Warning Against Apostasy") is that Christ's "one sacrifice for sins for ever" ([Hebrews 10:12](/hebrews/10-12 "Hebrews 10:12 - Christ's One Sacrifice")) has perfected those who are sanctified. To reject this ultimate provision is to reject the only means of escape from divine judgment.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Vengeance (Greek, _ekdíkēsis'_):** This term, derived from a verb meaning "to execute justice," refers to vindication or retribution. It is not personal, emotional revenge, but rather the righteous act of setting things right, upholding justice, and punishing wrongdoing. In the context of God, it signifies His perfect and impartial administration of justice against sin and rebellion, ensuring that His holy character and moral order are upheld.
* **Recompense (Greek, _antapodídōmi'_):** This verb means "to give back in return" or "to requite," whether good for good or evil for evil. When applied to God, it emphasizes the principle of divine retribution, where actions have consequences. God will "pay back" according to deeds, signifying His just response to human behavior, particularly in the context of covenant faithfulness or unfaithfulness.
* **Judge (Greek, _krínō'_):** This word carries the meaning "to distinguish," "to decide (mentally or judicially)," and by implication, "to try, condemn, or punish." In this verse, it clearly refers to God's role as the ultimate arbiter, who will examine the actions and hearts of His people, render a verdict, and execute the appropriate sentence. It underscores His authority as the righteous and final Judge of all.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"For we know him that hath said":** This introductory phrase grounds the subsequent declaration in divine revelation. The "him that hath said" is God Himself, emphasizing that the following statements are not human opinions or threats, but the authoritative, immutable word of the Almighty. The "we know" implies a shared understanding and acceptance among the readers of God's character and His revealed will.
* **"Vengeance [belongeth] unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord":** This is a direct quotation from [Deuteronomy 32:35](/deuteronomy/32-35 "Deuteronomy 32:35 - God's Vengeance and Recompense"). It asserts God's exclusive prerogative over vengeance and retribution. The possessive "unto me" highlights that this right is solely His, not to be usurped by humans. The phrase "I will recompense" confirms His active intention and ability to execute this justice. "Saith the Lord" reaffirms the divine origin and certainty of this declaration.
* **"And again, The Lord shall judge his people":** This second part of the verse quotes [Deuteronomy 32:36](/deuteronomy/32-36 "Deuteronomy 32:36 - The Lord Shall Judge His People"). The "again" indicates another distinct, yet complementary, divine statement. It reinforces the certainty of God's judgment and specifies the scope: "his people." This is particularly poignant in Hebrews, as it refers to those who have entered into a covenant relationship with God, whether under the Old Covenant or the New. It highlights the accountability of those who have known His truth and experienced His grace.

#### Literary Devices
The author of Hebrews masterfully employs **Allusion** and **Quotation** in [Hebrews 10:30](/hebrews/10-30 "Hebrews 10:30 - God's Judgment Declared"), directly citing [Deuteronomy 32:35-36](/deuteronomy/32-35-36 "Deuteronomy 32:35-36 - God's Vengeance and Judgment"). This strategic use of Old Testament scripture lends immense **Authority** and weight to the author's warning. By invoking the words of Moses from a foundational text of the covenant, the author reminds the Jewish Christian audience of the enduring principles of divine justice and accountability that transcend dispensations. The **Repetition** of "Lord" and the dual emphasis on "vengeance/recompense" and "judgment" create a powerful sense of certainty and inevitability regarding God's righteous response to unfaithfulness. The passage also functions as a form of **Rhetorical Question** or implicit challenge, prompting the readers to consider the terrifying implications of falling into the hands of such a God, especially after having received the superior revelation of Christ.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Hebrews 10:30 profoundly articulates the biblical truth of God's unassailable justice and sovereignty. It reminds us that while God is merciful and gracious, He is also perfectly righteous and holy, and His character demands that sin be addressed. This verse serves as a solemn counterpoint to any notion that God's grace negates His justice or that His patience is an excuse for presumption. Instead, it underscores that ultimate accountability rests with Him, and He will indeed bring every deed, especially the rejection of His ultimate sacrifice in Christ, into judgment. This truth should inspire both reverent fear and profound trust: fear of His righteous judgment for those who spurn His grace, and trust that He will ultimately right all wrongs and vindicate His people.

* [Romans 12:19](/romans/12-19 "Romans 12:19 - Leave Vengeance to God")
* [Psalm 94:1](/psalms/94-1 "Psalm 94:1 - God of Vengeance")
* [2 Thessalonians 1:6-8](/2_thessalonians/1-6-8 "2 Thessalonians 1:6-8 - God's Righteous Judgment")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Hebrews 10:30 calls us to a posture of profound reverence and thoughtful self-examination. In a world often marked by injustice and the apparent triumph of evil, this verse reassures us that God is ultimately in control and that His justice will prevail. We are reminded that vengeance is not ours to exact, but belongs solely to the Lord, freeing us from the burden of personal retribution and inviting us to trust in His perfect timing and methods. For believers, it serves as a sobering reminder of the seriousness of our covenant relationship with God. Having received the knowledge of the truth through Christ, our accountability is heightened. This should not lead to fear of losing salvation for every sin, but rather to a healthy, reverent fear of God that motivates perseverance in faith, diligent pursuit of holiness, and a deep appreciation for the costly grace that has delivered us from the very judgment described. It compels us to live in a manner worthy of the gospel, continually drawing near to God with a true heart in full assurance of faith.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the truth that "Vengeance belongeth unto me" impact your understanding of justice in the world today?**
* **In what areas of your life might you be tempted to take "vengeance" or "recompense" into your own hands, and how can this verse encourage you to surrender those desires to God?**
* **Considering that "The Lord shall judge his people," how does this truth motivate you to live a life of greater faithfulness and perseverance in your walk with Christ?**

### FAQ

**Does this verse mean that God delights in vengeance or is capricious in His judgment?**

Answer: No, this verse does not imply that God delights in vengeance in a human, emotional, or capricious sense. The Greek word for "vengeance" (ekdíkēsis) and "recompense" (antapodídōmi) in this context refers to righteous vindication and the just administration of consequences. God's vengeance is not an uncontrolled outburst of anger, but a holy and necessary attribute of His character, ensuring that His perfect justice is upheld and that sin is not left unaddressed. It is a manifestation of His righteousness, not a flaw in His character. As [2 Peter 3:9](/2_peter/3-9 "2 Peter 3:9 - God's Patience") tells us, "The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but all should come to repentance." His judgment is always just, purposeful, and in line with His perfect character.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Hebrews 10:30, by quoting ancient warnings of divine judgment, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. While the Old Testament declared God's exclusive right to judge and recompense, the New Testament reveals that this authority has been fully committed to the Son. As [John 5:22](/john/5-22 "John 5:22 - The Father Judges No One, But Has Given All Judgment to the Son") states, "For the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son." Christ is not only the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world ([John 1:29](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God")), but He is also the appointed Judge of the living and the dead ([Acts 10:42](/acts/10-42 "Acts 10:42 - Christ Appointed Judge")). The "vengeance" and "recompense" spoken of here are ultimately executed by Him, especially for those who "trample under foot the Son of God" and treat "the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing" ([Hebrews 10:29](/hebrews/10-29 "Hebrews 10:29 - Consequences of Rejecting Christ")). The terrifying prospect of falling into the hands of the living God ([Hebrews 10:31](/hebrews/10-31 "Hebrews 10:31 - A Fearful Thing to Fall into God's Hands")) is precisely because God's justice is now perfectly embodied and administered through Christ, who will return "in flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God" ([2 Thessalonians 1:8](/2_thessalonians/1-8 "2 Thessalonians 1:8 - Christ's Return in Judgment")). Thus, the warning in [Hebrews 10:30](/hebrews/10-30 "Hebrews 10:30 - God's Judgment Declared") is a powerful call to embrace the grace offered through Christ's sacrifice, for He is the one who both saves from judgment and executes it.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Deuteronomy 32:35

To me [belongeth] vengeance, and recompence; their foot shall slide in [due] time: for the day of their calamity [is] at hand, and the things that shall come upon them make haste.

Deuteronomy 32:36

For the LORD shall judge his people, and repent himself for his servants, when he seeth that [their] power is gone, and [there is] none shut up, or left.

Romans 12:19

Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but [rather] give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance [is] mine; I will repay, saith the Lord.

Nahum 1:2

¶ God [is] jealous, and the LORD revengeth; the LORD revengeth, and [is] furious; the LORD will take vengeance on his adversaries, and he reserveth [wrath] for his enemies.

Psalms 50:4

He shall call to the heavens from above, and to the earth, that he may judge his people.

2 Corinthians 5:10

For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things [done] in [his] body, according to that he hath done, whether [it be] good or bad.

Psalms 96:13

Before the LORD: for he cometh, for he cometh to judge the earth: he shall judge the world with righteousness, and the people with his truth.