Ezekiel 31:12

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

And strangers {H2114}, the terrible {H6184} of the nations {H1471}, have cut him off {H3772}, and have left {H5203} him: upon the mountains {H2022} and in all the valleys {H1516} his branches {H1808} are fallen {H5307}, and his boughs {H6288} are broken {H7665} by all the rivers {H650} of the land {H776}; and all the people {H5971} of the earth {H776} are gone down {H3381} from his shadow {H6738}, and have left {H5203} him.

Foreigners, the most barbarous of the nations, will destroy him and leave him lying where he is. His branches will lie fallen on the mountains and in the valleys, his boughs will lie broken in all the rivers of the land, and all the peoples of the earth will withdraw from his shade and leave him.

Foreigners, the most ruthless of the nations, cut it down and left it. Its branches have fallen on the mountains and in every valley; its boughs lay broken in all the earth’s ravines. And all the peoples of the earth left its shade and abandoned it.

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the watercourses of the land; and all the peoples of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

Commentary

Context

Ezekiel 31:12 is part of a vivid prophetic oracle against Egypt, delivered to Pharaoh, drawing a powerful analogy between Egypt's grandeur and a majestic cedar tree in Lebanon. In the preceding verses (Ezekiel 31:3-9), Egypt is depicted as unparalleled in beauty and strength, overshadowing all other trees. This verse, however, marks a dramatic shift, detailing the tree's inevitable downfall, orchestrated by divine judgment due to its immense pride and arrogance among the nations.

Key Themes

  • Divine Judgment and Humiliation: The verse powerfully illustrates God's sovereign hand in bringing down the proud. What was once magnificent and imposing is now utterly shattered and abandoned, demonstrating that no earthly power, no matter how great, can withstand divine judgment.
  • Loss of Power and Influence: The imagery of fallen branches and broken boughs, coupled with "all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow," signifies a complete dismantling of Egypt's military might, political influence, and protective capacity. Nations that once sought refuge or alliance with Egypt now abandon it.
  • Consequences of Pride: This passage serves as a stark warning against national or individual arrogance. Egypt's fall is a direct consequence of its elevated self-perception, a theme echoed throughout Scripture regarding those who exalt themselves (Proverbs 16:18).

Linguistic Insights

  • "Strangers, the terrible of the nations" (Hebrew: 'arits goyim): This phrase identifies the agents of destruction. The term 'arits means "ruthless," "violent," or "tyrannical." Historically, this refers primarily to the Babylonian forces under King Nebuchadnezzar, who would conquer Egypt. It emphasizes the brutal and overwhelming nature of the invaders God used to execute His judgment.
  • "Cut him off, and have left him": This highlights the completeness of the destruction and the subsequent abandonment. The once-feared power is now desolate and helpless, left to decay.
  • "Gone down from his shadow": The "shadow" here symbolizes protection, security, and influence. To "go down from his shadow" means to no longer benefit from or seek refuge under its power, indicating a total loss of its former authority and respect among other nations.

Practical Application

Ezekiel 31:12 offers timeless lessons for contemporary audiences:

  • Humility for Nations and Individuals: It serves as a potent reminder that all earthly power and glory are temporary and subject to God's ultimate sovereignty. Pride often precedes a fall, whether for a nation or an individual.
  • Reliance on God: True security and lasting influence do not come from military might, economic prowess, or political alliances, but from a right relationship with God. When human strength fails, divine strength prevails.
  • Consequences of Arrogance: The passage underscores the destructive nature of arrogance. Nations or people who believe themselves invincible or superior risk severe consequences when they disregard God's principles or challenge His authority. This prophecy encourages self-examination and a humble posture before the Creator.
Note: If the commentary doesn’t appear instantly, please allow 2–5 seconds for it to load. It is generated by Gemini 2.5 Flash using a prompt focused on Biblical fidelity over bias. While the insights have been consistently reliable, we encourage prayerful discernment through the Holy Spirit.

Please note that only the commentary section is AI-generated — the main Scripture and cross-references are stored on the site and are from trusted and verified sources.

Cross-References

  • Ezekiel 28:7

    Behold, therefore I will bring strangers upon thee, the terrible of the nations: and they shall draw their swords against the beauty of thy wisdom, and they shall defile thy brightness.

  • Ezekiel 35:8

    And I will fill his mountains with his slain [men]: in thy hills, and in thy valleys, and in all thy rivers, shall they fall that are slain with the sword.

  • Nahum 3:17

    Thy crowned [are] as the locusts, and thy captains as the great grasshoppers, which camp in the hedges in the cold day, [but] when the sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they [are].

  • Nahum 3:18

    Thy shepherds slumber, O king of Assyria: thy nobles shall dwell [in the dust]: thy people is scattered upon the mountains, and no man gathereth [them].

  • Ezekiel 30:11

    He and his people with him, the terrible of the nations, shall be brought to destroy the land: and they shall draw their swords against Egypt, and fill the land with the slain.

  • Habakkuk 1:6

    For, lo, I raise up the Chaldeans, [that] bitter and hasty nation, which shall march through the breadth of the land, to possess the dwellingplaces [that are] not theirs.

  • Revelation 17:16

    And the ten horns which thou sawest upon the beast, these shall hate the whore, and shall make her desolate and naked, and shall eat her flesh, and burn her with fire.