Deuteronomy 11:6

KJV

And what he did unto Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reuben: how the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up, and their households, and their tents, and all the substance that [was] in their possession, in the midst of all Israel:

KJV (with Strong's)

And what he did {H6213} unto Dathan {H1885} and Abiram {H48}, the sons {H1121} of Eliab {H446}, the son {H1121} of Reuben {H7205}: how the earth {H776} opened {H6475} her mouth {H6310}, and swallowed them up {H1104}, and their households {H1004}, and their tents {H168}, and all the substance {H3351} that was in their possession {H7272}, in the midst {H7130} of all Israel {H3478}:

Complete Jewish Bible

or what he did to Datan and Aviram, the sons of Eli'av the descendant of Re'uven -how the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up, along with their households, tents and every living thing in their company, there in front of all Isra'el.

Berean Standard Bible

and what He did in the midst of all the Israelites to Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab the Reubenite, when the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them, their households, their tents, and every living thing that belonged to them.

American Standard Version

and what he did unto Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reuben; how the earth opened its mouth, and swallowed them up, and their households, and their tents, and every living thing that followed them, in the midst of all Israel:

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Deuteronomy 11:6 serves as a potent historical reminder from Moses to the new generation of Israelites, recounting God's direct and catastrophic judgment upon Dathan and Abiram. This verse vividly describes how the earth miraculously consumed them, their entire households, their tents, and all their possessions, as a public demonstration of divine wrath against rebellion. It underscores the severe consequences of defying God's appointed authority and His covenant commands, providing a stark lesson for those about to enter the Promised Land, emphasizing the profound seriousness of disobedience within the covenant community.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Deuteronomy 11:6 is situated within Moses's second major discourse to the Israelites, delivered on the plains of Moab as they stand poised to enter the Promised Land. This section, particularly [Deuteronomy 11](/deuteronomy/11 "Deuteronomy 11 - Love and Obey the Lord"), functions as an urgent exhortation to covenant faithfulness and a dire warning against disobedience. Moses is not merely recounting history for information; he is strategically employing past events as didactic examples for a new generation who did not personally witness many of the wilderness miracles and judgments. He contrasts the devastating fate of the rebellious generation with the abundant blessings promised to those who faithfully follow God, emphasizing that their future prosperity and security in the land are entirely contingent upon their adherence to the covenant. The immediate preceding verses, such as [Deuteronomy 11:2-5](/deuteronomy/11-2-5 "Deuteronomy 11:2-5 - God's Mighty Works Remembered"), recall other divine acts of judgment and deliverance, setting the stage for the specific mention of Dathan and Abiram as a prime, unforgettable example of God's decisive and terrifying intervention against rebellion.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The event referenced in Deuteronomy 11:6, the rebellion of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram, occurred during the wilderness wanderings, specifically recounted in vivid detail in [Numbers 16](/numbers/16 "Numbers 16 - Korah's Rebellion"). This rebellion was far more than a mere challenge to Moses's human leadership; it was a direct and audacious affront to God's divinely established order for Israel, encompassing both the Aaronic priesthood and the unique authority of Moses as God's chosen prophet and mediator. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, challenging a leader appointed by a deity was universally perceived as challenging the deity themselves, often incurring severe divine wrath. The public and unequivocally supernatural nature of the judgment—the earth opening up to swallow them—was meticulously designed to be an undeniable sign to all Israel of God's active, personal presence, His absolute sovereignty, and the profound seriousness of rebellion within His sacred covenant community. The explicit mention of "households" and "tents" highlights the deeply patriarchal and communal nature of Israelite society, where the family unit was central, and the judgment extended comprehensively to all associated with the rebellion, serving as a comprehensive and terrifying deterrent for future generations.
* **Key Themes:** Deuteronomy 11:6 powerfully contributes to several overarching themes foundational to Deuteronomy and the broader Pentateuch. Firstly, it profoundly reinforces the theme of **Divine Justice and Retribution**, demonstrating God's unwavering commitment to upholding His covenant and executing swift, severe punishment upon those who directly defy His authority and established order. The extraordinary severity of the judgment against Dathan and Abiram serves as a stark warning about the **Consequences of Disobedience**, emphasizing that rebellion against God's established will and representatives leads to complete and utter destruction. This cataclysmic event also vividly highlights **God's Absolute Sovereignty and Power**, as He supernaturally intervenes in the natural world to execute His will, underscoring that He is not a distant, passive deity but one who actively governs His people and the very earth itself. Finally, the verse is an integral part of Moses's broader call to **Remember God's Mighty Acts** of both judgment and deliverance, urging the new generation to learn from the past, internalize its lessons, and choose faithful obedience, thereby securing the blessings promised in the land, as outlined in [Deuteronomy 11:8-9](/deuteronomy/11-8-9 "Deuteronomy 11:8-9 - Blessings of Obedience and Possession of the Land").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **swallowed them up (Hebrew, _bâlaʻ'_):** From H1104, this primitive root means "to make away with (specifically by swallowing); generally, to destroy." Its use here is crucial as it describes a supernatural, instantaneous, and complete act of divine judgment. It emphasizes that the earth itself became God's direct instrument, performing an unnatural, miraculous act to execute His will, leaving no doubt about the source and finality of the punishment. It signifies a direct, miraculous intervention rather than a natural disaster, ensuring the utter consumption and disappearance of the rebels.
* **substance (Hebrew, _yᵉqûwm'_):** From H3351, this term properly means "standing (extant), i.e. by implication, a living thing; (living) substance." In this context, it denotes all their movable property, livestock, and everything that constituted their wealth, livelihood, and material legacy. The inclusion of "all the substance that was in their possession" highlights the totality and comprehensiveness of the judgment: not only were the rebels and their families destroyed, but their entire material existence was eradicated, leaving nothing behind to remember their defiance by, underscoring the comprehensive nature of God's wrath against their rebellion.
* **mouth (Hebrew, _peh'_):** From H6310, this word refers to "the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically edge, portion or side." In the phrase "the earth opened her mouth," this word is central to the striking anthropomorphism. It attributes a human-like action to the inanimate earth, making the divine judgment vivid and terrifyingly real. It underscores that the earth was not merely a passive medium but an active participant, a direct agent of God's will in consuming the rebels, signifying a deliberate and targeted act of divine retribution.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And what he did unto Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son of Reuben:"** Moses, speaking directly to the new generation of Israelites, refers to God's past, decisive actions ("what he did"). He specifically names Dathan and Abiram, identifying them by their lineage within the tribe of Reuben. This genealogical detail connects them to a prominent tribal identity, making their rebellion and subsequent judgment a widely known and impactful event within the Israelite community. This serves as a powerful cautionary tale, emphasizing that even those with established tribal standing are not exempt from divine judgment for rebellion.
* **"how the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up,"** This clause describes the extraordinary and miraculous nature of the divine judgment. The earth is personified, acting as a direct agent of God's wrath, performing an impossible feat by "opening her mouth" to consume the rebels. This vivid imagery conveys the terrifying, immediate, and inescapable power of God's justice, demonstrating His absolute ability to use creation itself to enforce His will and execute judgment with overwhelming force and finality.
* **"and their households, and their tents, and all the substance that [was] in their possession,"** This part emphasizes the comprehensive and devastating scope of the judgment. It was not limited to Dathan and Abiram alone but extended to their entire families ("households"), their living spaces ("tents"), and every material possession they owned ("all the substance"). This total annihilation served as a profound object lesson for all Israel, illustrating the far-reaching and utterly destructive consequences of rebellion against God and His chosen leaders, ensuring that no trace of their defiant legacy remained.
* **"in the midst of all Israel:"** This final phrase highlights the public, undeniable, and undeniable nature of the event. The judgment occurred openly, witnessed by the entire congregation of Israel. This public spectacle ensured that the lesson was deeply imprinted on the collective memory of the people, serving as a perpetual, terrifying warning against similar acts of defiance and reinforcing a reverent fear of the Lord within the covenant community. The public nature underscored God's commitment to justice and the visible consequences of challenging His authority.

#### Literary Devices
Deuteronomy 11:6 employs several powerful literary devices to convey its profound and sobering message. The most prominent is **Anthropomorphism**, vividly seen in the phrase "the earth opened her mouth." This personification attributes a human-like action (opening a mouth) to the inanimate earth, powerfully illustrating the supernatural and direct intervention of God, making the judgment feel immediate, terrifyingly real, and undeniably divine. The narrative also functions as a **Didactic Narrative**, where a past historical event is recounted not merely for informational purposes but primarily as a direct teaching tool to instruct, warn, and shape the behavior of the current generation poised to enter the Promised Land. The comprehensive inclusion of "their households, and their tents, and all the substance" employs a form of **Totality** or **Hyperbole**, emphasizing the complete and utter destruction, leaving absolutely nothing behind. This rhetorical device magnifies the severity and finality of God's judgment, serving as a powerful deterrent. Implicitly, the verse also demonstrates the principle of **Divine Retribution**, where a specific, direct, and commensurate punishment is meted out as a direct consequence of specific sinful actions, thereby reinforcing the principle that God actively judges and punishes rebellion within His covenant community.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Deuteronomy 11:6 stands as a stark and enduring testament to God's unyielding justice and His absolute intolerance for rebellion against His divine authority and established order. It underscores the profound seriousness of challenging those whom God has appointed, illustrating that such defiance is not merely against human leaders but, fundamentally, against God Himself. The incident of Dathan and Abiram serves as a foundational and terrifying example of the covenant principle that faithful obedience brings blessing, while overt and defiant disobedience, particularly rebellion against God's chosen instruments, brings swift, comprehensive, and devastating judgment. This cataclysmic event solidified the understanding among the Israelites that God is utterly sovereign, actively involved in their affairs, and will not permit anarchy, contempt for His sacred institutions, or the undermining of His divinely established leadership. It calls for a profound and reverent fear of the Lord and humble submission to His commands, recognizing that His warnings are ultimately for their good, their preservation, and His glory.

* [Numbers 16:31-33](/numbers/16-31-33 "Numbers 16:31-33 - The Earth Swallows Dathan and Abiram's Households")
* [Jude 1:11](/jude/1-11 "Jude 1:11 - Woe to Them! The Way of Cain, the Error of Balaam, and the Rebellion of Korah")
* [Hebrews 10:31](/hebrews/10-31 "Hebrews 10:31 - A Terrifying Thing to Fall into the Hands of the Living God")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Deuteronomy 11:6, though recounting an ancient and extraordinary event, holds profound and enduring lessons for believers today. It serves as a powerful reminder of the seriousness with which God views rebellion, not just against human authority but, more fundamentally, against His own divine order and His chosen instruments. In an age where authority is often questioned, challenged, and even scorned, this passage calls us to cultivate a humble posture of submission and respect, recognizing that God often works through established leadership, whether in the church, family, or civil society. While we are called to discern truth and speak righteously, we must always do so with a spirit of humility, reverence for God's ultimate sovereignty, and a commitment to unity. The totality of the judgment on Dathan and Abiram should instill in us a healthy, reverential fear of the Lord, reminding us that God is not to be trifled with, and His justice, though often patient and merciful, is ultimately certain and absolute. This historical account encourages us to live in faithful obedience, diligently learning from the past to secure the blessings of a life lived in alignment with God's will, understanding that true freedom and flourishing are found not in rebellion, but in humble submission to His loving and wise authority.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What does the swift and total judgment on Dathan and Abiram reveal about God's character, particularly His justice and His view of rebellion against His established order?**
* **How does this account inform our understanding of authority, both spiritual and secular, within the Christian community and society today?**
* **In what ways might we, perhaps subtly or unknowingly, challenge God's established order or His appointed leaders in our own lives or communities?**
* **What is the role of "remembering" God's past acts, both of judgment and deliverance, in strengthening our faith, promoting humility, and fostering obedience in our lives?**
* **How does cultivating a healthy "fear of the Lord," as illustrated by this passage, contribute to our spiritual growth, moral discernment, and overall Christian walk?**

### FAQ
**Who were Dathan and Abiram, and what was their rebellion about?**

Answer: Dathan and Abiram were two prominent leaders from the tribe of Reuben who, along with Korah from the tribe of Levi, orchestrated a significant rebellion against Moses and Aaron during the Israelites' wilderness wanderings, as detailed in [Numbers 16](/numbers/16 "Numbers 16 - Korah's Rebellion"). Their rebellion was multifaceted: they challenged Moses's political leadership, accusing him of failing to deliver them to a land of abundance and of lording himself over them. More critically, they challenged Aaron's divinely appointed priestly authority, asserting that all in the congregation were holy and therefore equally qualified for priestly service. Their defiance was not merely against human leaders but a direct affront to God's chosen order, His covenant relationship with Israel, and the very foundation of His tabernacle worship.

**Why was the punishment for Dathan and Abiram so severe, involving their entire households and possessions?**

Answer: The extraordinary severity of the punishment for Dathan and Abiram, extending to their households and all their possessions, underscored the profound gravity of their sin. Their rebellion was a direct challenge to God's divine authority and the very structure of the covenant community He had meticulously established. Such a blatant act of defiance, if left unpunished or lightly disciplined, would have irrevocably undermined God's sovereignty, Moses's divinely sanctioned leadership, and the entire moral and spiritual fabric of Israel. The comprehensive nature of the judgment—consuming everything associated with them—served as a public, undeniable, and terrifying object lesson for all Israel, demonstrating that God's justice is absolute and that rebellion against His established order carries devastating, far-reaching consequences, not just for the individual but for all associated with their sin. It was a clear and permanent warning against any future attempts to usurp God's authority or His chosen representatives.

**What does the phrase "the earth opened her mouth" signify in this context?**

Answer: The phrase "the earth opened her mouth" is a powerful anthropomorphism, attributing a human-like action (opening a mouth to consume) to the inanimate earth. It signifies a direct, supernatural, and miraculous intervention by God to execute His judgment. This was not a natural earthquake or a random geological event; rather, the earth itself became God's instrument, responding directly to His command to consume the rebels. This dramatic and terrifying imagery emphasizes God's absolute power over creation and His active, personal involvement in the affairs of humanity. It served as an unmistakable and terrifying sign to all Israel that the judgment was from the Lord Himself, leaving no room for doubt about the divine source of their destruction and His unwavering commitment to upholding His covenant and authority.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Deuteronomy 11:6, with its vivid depiction of God's swift and severe judgment against rebellion, ultimately points to the profound reality of human sin and the absolute necessity of divine intervention for salvation. While Dathan and Abiram faced an earthly judgment, their fate foreshadows the ultimate spiritual judgment that awaits all who rebel against God's supreme authority. The terrifying prospect of falling into the hands of the living God, as described in [Hebrews 10:31](/hebrews/10-31 "Hebrews 10:31 - A Terrifying Thing to Fall into the Hands of the Living God"), is a universal reality for all humanity due to sin, for "the wages of sin is death" ([Romans 6:23](/romans/6-23 "Romans 6:23 - The Wages of Sin is Death")). However, the Christ-centered fulfillment transforms this narrative of judgment into one of ultimate hope and redemption. Jesus Christ, the perfect Son of God, did not rebel but perfectly obeyed the Father, even to the point of death on a cross ([Philippians 2:8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Christ's Obedience to Death")). He became the ultimate mediator and substitute, taking upon Himself the full wrath and judgment that humanity deserved for its rebellion and sin. Through His sacrificial death and glorious resurrection, Christ offers a way for humanity to escape the "mouth" of divine judgment. He is the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world ([John 1:29](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God")). Thus, while Deuteronomy 11:6 powerfully reminds us of God's consuming fire against sin ([Hebrews 12:29](/hebrews/12-29 "Hebrews 12:29 - Our God is a Consuming Fire")), it also implicitly highlights the glorious truth that in Christ, those who believe are spared from that judgment, having their rebellion atoned for by the one who perfectly fulfilled God's righteous demands and became sin for us, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God ([2 Corinthians 5:21](/2_corinthians/5-21 "2 Corinthians 5:21 - Christ Became Sin for Us")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Numbers 26:9

And the sons of Eliab; Nemuel, and Dathan, and Abiram. This [is that] Dathan and Abiram, [which were] famous in the congregation, who strove against Moses and against Aaron in the company of Korah, when they strove against the LORD:

Numbers 26:10

And the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up together with Korah, when that company died, what time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men: and they became a sign.

Psalms 106:17

The earth opened and swallowed up Dathan, and covered the company of Abiram.

Numbers 16:1

¶ Now Korah, the son of Izhar, the son of Kohath, the son of Levi, and Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, and On, the son of Peleth, sons of Reuben, took [men]:

Numbers 16:35

¶ And there came out a fire from the LORD, and consumed the two hundred and fifty men that offered incense.

Numbers 27:3

Our father died in the wilderness, and he was not in the company of them that gathered themselves together against the LORD in the company of Korah; but died in his own sin, and had no sons.