Acts 7:55

KJV

But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

KJV (with Strong's)

But {G1161} he, being {G5225} full {G4134} of the Holy {G40} Ghost {G4151}, looked up stedfastly {G816} into {G1519} heaven {G3772}, and saw {G1492} the glory {G1391} of God {G2316}, and {G2532} Jesus {G2424} standing {G2476} on {G1537} the right hand {G1188} of God {G2316},

Complete Jewish Bible

But he, full of the Ruach HaKodesh, looked up to heaven and saw God’s Sh’khinah, with Yeshua standing at the right hand of God.

Berean Standard Bible

But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked intently into heaven and saw the glory of God and Jesus standing at the right hand of God.

American Standard Version

But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Acts 7:55 captures a profound moment in the martyrdom of Stephen, the first Christian martyr, as he stands before the Sanhedrin. Filled with the Holy Spirit, Stephen receives a revelatory vision of heaven, perceiving the radiant glory of God and, remarkably, Jesus standing at the right hand of God. This divine encounter serves as a powerful testament to Stephen's unwavering faith, God's active presence amidst persecution, and Christ's immediate solidarity with His suffering servant, offering a glimpse into heavenly realities that transcend earthly trials.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is the climactic moment of Stephen's impassioned defense before the Jewish high council, the Sanhedrin, as recorded in [Acts 7](/acts/7 "Acts 7 - Stephen's Speech and Martyrdom"). His sermon, spanning from [Acts 7:2](/acts/7-2 "Acts 7:2 - Stephen's Defense Begins") to [Acts 7:53](/acts/7-53 "Acts 7:53 - Stephen's Rebuke"), meticulously recounts Israel's history, highlighting their persistent rejection of God's prophets and, ultimately, their Messiah. Stephen's powerful and convicting words, culminating in a direct accusation of their resistance to the Holy Spirit and their murder of the Righteous One ([Acts 7:51-53](/acts/7-51-53 "Acts 7:51-53 - Stephen's Condemnation of the Sanhedrin")), enrage his listeners. In response to their furious gnashing of teeth ([Acts 7:54](/acts/7-54 "Acts 7:54 - The Sanhedrin's Fury")), Stephen's gaze shifts from his earthly accusers to the heavenly realm, providing a divine counter-narrative to their condemnation and setting the stage for his violent death. This vision serves as a profound vindication of his testimony and a source of supernatural strength in his final moments.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Stephen's trial takes place in Jerusalem, the heart of Jewish religious and political authority, under Roman occupation. The Sanhedrin, composed of chief priests, elders, and scribes, held significant religious and judicial power, though capital punishment required Roman approval. The accusation against Stephen—blasphemy against Moses and God ([Acts 6:11](/acts/6-11 "Acts 6:11 - Stephen Accused of Blasphemy"))—was a grave charge, often punishable by stoning under Mosaic Law. The concept of "the glory of God" was deeply rooted in Jewish tradition, recalling the Shekinah glory that manifested in the tabernacle and temple, signifying God's tangible presence and majesty. Seeing God's glory was a profound, awe-inspiring, and often terrifying experience for Old Testament figures. Stephen's vision, therefore, was not merely a personal comfort but a powerful divine endorsement in a setting where he was being condemned as a blasphemer.

* **Key Themes:** [Acts 7:55](/acts/7-55 "Acts 7:55 - Stephen's Heavenly Vision") powerfully integrates several key themes prevalent throughout the book of Acts and broader biblical theology. Foremost is the theme of **Holy Spirit Empowerment**, as Stephen is described as "full of the Holy Ghost," mirroring the Spirit's enabling of the apostles to preach boldly ([Acts 4:31](/acts/4-31 "Acts 4:31 - Boldness through the Holy Spirit")) and perform signs. Another crucial theme is **Divine Vindication and Witness**, where God supernaturally affirms His servant in the face of human opposition, echoing the pattern of prophets throughout Israel's history. The **Sovereignty of God** is also evident, as the heavenly vision demonstrates God's ultimate control even over human injustice and persecution. Finally, the **Exaltation of Jesus** is central, with Stephen's unique vision of Christ "standing" at God's right hand emphasizing Jesus' active role as intercessor and advocate for His persecuted church, a powerful counterpoint to the Sanhedrin's rejection of Him as Messiah. This vision underscores the reality of Christ's heavenly reign and His intimate connection with His suffering followers.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **full (Greek, _plḗrēs'_):** From G4134, meaning "replete, or covered over; by analogy, complete." This signifies not merely a partial presence but a complete saturation and control by the Holy Spirit. Stephen was entirely permeated and directed by the Spirit, enabling him to speak with divine authority and perceive heavenly realities.
* **looked up stedfastly (Greek, _atenízō'_):** From G816, meaning "to gaze intently" or "to fix one's eyes upon." This word emphasizes Stephen's unwavering focus and concentrated spiritual discernment. It was not a casual glance but a profound, purposeful, and intense perception of the divine realm, indicative of deep spiritual engagement and a supernatural opening of his spiritual sight.
* **standing (Greek, _hístēmi'_):** From G2476, meaning "to stand (transitively or intransitively), used in various applications (literally or figuratively):--abide, appoint, bring, continue, covenant, establish, hold up, lay, present, set (up), stanch, stand (by, forth, still, up)." While Jesus is typically depicted as *seated* at the right hand of God, signifying His completed work and rest, Stephen's vision of Jesus *standing* is highly significant. It implies an active posture—perhaps rising to welcome Stephen, to intercede on his behalf, or to act in judgment or vindication. It conveys Christ's active and immediate involvement in Stephen's moment of crisis.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But he, being full of the Holy Ghost,"**: This opening clause establishes Stephen's spiritual state. The conjunction "But" (G1161, _dé_) indicates a contrast with the Sanhedrin's rage. Stephen is not overcome by fear or anger but is completely under the influence and power of the Holy Spirit. This fullness is the source of his courage, clarity, and supernatural perception, aligning with the Spirit's empowering role for witnesses in Acts ([Acts 1:8](/acts/1-8 "Acts 1:8 - Power to Witness")).
* **"looked up stedfastly into heaven,"**: Despite the earthly chaos and the imminent threat of death, Stephen's gaze is fixed upward, indicating a complete shift in focus from his persecutors to the divine realm. The intensity of his gaze ("stedfastly") suggests a divinely opened spiritual vision, allowing him to pierce through the physical veil and perceive spiritual realities. This act is one of faith and profound spiritual discernment.
* **"and saw the glory of God,"**: Stephen is granted a direct vision of God's radiant majesty and presence. "Glory" (G1391, _dóxa_) refers to the visible manifestation of God's inherent splendor and honor. This vision is a divine affirmation, a confirmation of God's presence and approval, echoing Old Testament encounters with the Shekinah glory and offering immense comfort and assurance in the face of suffering.
* **"and Jesus standing on the right hand of God,"**: This is the most striking and unique element of the vision. Jesus (G2424, _Iēsoûs_) is seen not merely at God's right hand—a position of supreme authority and honor—but specifically "standing" (G2476, _hístēmi_). This posture contrasts with the usual New Testament depiction of Jesus *seated* at God's right hand ([Hebrews 1:3](/hebrews/1-3 "Hebrews 1:3 - Jesus Seated at God's Right Hand")). The "right hand" (G1188, _dexiós_) of God (G2316, _theós_) signifies ultimate power, authority, and favor. Jesus' standing posture is widely interpreted as Him rising to welcome Stephen, to intercede on his behalf, or to act as a witness or judge, powerfully conveying His active involvement and solidarity with His persecuted follower.

#### Literary Devices
Acts 7:55 is rich in literary devices that amplify its theological significance. The primary device is **Vision**, where Stephen is granted a supernatural perception of heavenly realities, serving as a divine revelation and confirmation. This vision functions as a powerful **Juxtaposition** between the earthly rage and injustice Stephen faces and the heavenly peace and divine affirmation he receives. The "glory of God" employs **Symbolism**, representing God's majestic presence, power, and approval, a concept deeply rooted in Old Testament imagery. The unique depiction of Jesus "standing" is a powerful **Emblem** or **Symbolism** of Christ's active intercession, solidarity, and readiness to act on behalf of His suffering saints, moving beyond the usual imagery of rest and completed work. The entire scene also functions as a form of **Dramatic Irony**, as Stephen's accusers condemn him for blasphemy, yet he is granted a vision that validates his testimony and reveals the very truth they deny.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Acts 7:55 stands as a profound theological statement, affirming the active presence of the Holy Spirit, the reality of God's glory, and the living, interceding Christ. Stephen's vision underscores the intimate connection between the earthly suffering of believers and the heavenly reality of Christ's reign. It demonstrates that even in the darkest moments of persecution, God's presence is tangible, His glory is accessible, and Jesus is not a distant, passive Lord but an active, compassionate advocate who stands with His people. This vision provides ultimate vindication for Stephen, transforming his martyrdom into a powerful testimony of divine approval and heavenly hope, showcasing that earthly defeat can be heavenly triumph.

* [Psalm 16:11](/psalms/16-11 "Fullness of Joy in God's Presence")
* [Hebrews 12:2](/hebrews/12-2 "Looking to Jesus, the Pioneer and Perfecter of Faith")
* [Revelation 22:4](/revelation/22-4 "They Will See His Face")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Acts 7:55 offers immense encouragement and a powerful model for believers navigating trials and opposition. Stephen's experience reminds us that our strength in adversity comes not from our own resolve, but from being "full of the Holy Ghost," enabling us to perceive divine realities and endure with supernatural courage. When faced with hostility or misunderstanding for our faith, we are called to fix our gaze "stedfastly into heaven," trusting that God's glory is real and His presence is near, even when circumstances seem dire. Stephen's vision of Jesus "standing on the right hand of God" is a profound reassurance that Christ is actively engaged in our struggles, ready to welcome, intercede for, and vindicate His faithful followers. This passage calls us to live with an eternal perspective, knowing that our ultimate vindication and reward come from God, and that our suffering for Christ is intimately known and honored by Him. It empowers us to face any challenge, knowing that Jesus Himself stands with us.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life do you need to be more "full of the Holy Ghost" to face challenges with divine courage and clarity?**
* **How can you cultivate a "stedfast" gaze towards heaven, shifting your focus from earthly troubles to God's glory and presence?**
* **What does Jesus "standing" at the right hand of God mean for your personal struggles and your sense of being seen and supported by Christ?**
* **How does Stephen's example inspire you to remain faithful and bold in your witness, even when facing opposition or misunderstanding?**

### FAQ
**Why is Jesus depicted as "standing" in Stephen's vision, when He is usually described as "seated" at the right hand of God?**

Answer: The depiction of Jesus "standing" in [Acts 7:55](/acts/7-55 "Jesus Standing at God's Right Hand") is unique and highly significant. Throughout the New Testament, Jesus is typically portrayed as "seated" at the right hand of God ([Hebrews 1:3](/hebrews/1-3 "Jesus Seated in Majesty"), [Colossians 3:1](/colossians/3-1 "Seated with Christ")), signifying His completed work of atonement, His position of supreme authority, and His glorious rest. Stephen's vision of Jesus "standing" is often interpreted in several powerful ways:
1. **Welcome and Vindication:** Jesus rises to welcome Stephen, His faithful martyr, into glory, demonstrating His active solidarity and approval of Stephen's witness.
2. **Intercession and Advocacy:** Christ stands as Stephen's advocate and intercessor, ready to plead his cause before the Father, especially in this moment of unjust condemnation.
3. **Readiness to Act:** His standing posture may indicate a readiness to act, either in judgment against Stephen's persecutors or to receive Stephen's spirit.
4. **Active Engagement:** It emphasizes Jesus' active, dynamic involvement in the lives of His persecuted followers, showing He is not a distant, passive Lord but intimately present with His suffering church. This unique posture underscores the profound and immediate connection between Christ and His first martyr.

**What is the significance of Stephen being "full of the Holy Ghost" in this context?**

Answer: Stephen being "full of the Holy Ghost" ([Acts 7:55](/acts/7-55 "Full of the Holy Spirit")) is crucial to understanding his experience. This phrase signifies a complete spiritual empowerment and control by the Holy Spirit, far beyond a mere feeling. It means Stephen was entirely permeated and directed by the Spirit, enabling him to:
1. **Speak with Divine Authority:** As seen in his powerful sermon in [Acts 7](/acts/7 "Stephen's Spirit-Empowered Speech").
2. **Perceive Heavenly Realities:** The Spirit opened his spiritual eyes to see God's glory and Jesus. This was not a hallucination but a divinely granted vision.
3. **Exhibit Supernatural Courage:** Despite facing an enraged council and imminent death, Stephen remained calm and focused, empowered to endure.
This "fullness" is a recurring theme in Acts, demonstrating how believers are equipped for God's work and to bear witness, especially in the face of adversity ([Acts 4:8](/acts/4-8 "Peter Filled with the Holy Spirit")). It highlights that Stephen's supernatural experience and steadfastness were a direct result of the Holy Spirit's indwelling power.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Acts 7:55, with Stephen's vision of Jesus standing at the right hand of God, powerfully fulfills and illuminates the Christ-centered narrative of redemption. This vision is not merely a personal comfort for Stephen but a profound revelation of Christ's ongoing work and identity. Stephen's perception of "the glory of God" is ultimately a vision of Christ, for Jesus is the "radiance of God's glory and the exact representation of his being" ([Hebrews 1:3](/hebrews/1-3 "Jesus, the Radiance of God's Glory")). The unique posture of Jesus "standing" at God's right hand speaks volumes about His active, living, and interceding role as our High Priest ([Hebrews 7:25](/hebrews/7-25 "Jesus Our Intercessor")) and Advocate ([1 John 2:1](/1_john/2-1 "Jesus Our Advocate")) for His people. It foreshadows His readiness to return for His church ([John 14:3](/john/14-3 "Jesus Promises to Return")) and to execute final judgment and vindication. Stephen's death, mirroring Christ's own suffering and forgiveness of His persecutors ([Luke 23:34](/luke/23-34 "Jesus Forgives His Executioners")), is sanctified by this vision, affirming that Christ is present with His suffering church, validating their witness, and ensuring their ultimate triumph in Him. Thus, Stephen's final moments are a vivid testimony to the living, reigning, and ever-present Christ, who is both the object of our faith and the guarantee of our heavenly hope.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Mark 16:19

¶ So then after the Lord had spoken unto them, he was received up into heaven, and sat on the right hand of God.

Hebrews 1:3

Who being the brightness of [his] glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;

2 Corinthians 4:6

For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to [give] the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.

Acts 6:5

And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas a proselyte of Antioch:

Acts 6:10

And they were not able to resist the wisdom and the spirit by which he spake.

Acts 6:8

¶ And Stephen, full of faith and power, did great wonders and miracles among the people.

Acts 2:4

And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.