Daniel 11:30

King James Version:

(The Lord speaking is red text)

For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: so shall he do; he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forsake the holy covenant.

Complete Jewish Bible:

because ships from Kittim will come against him, so that his courage will fail him. Then, in retreat, he will take furious action against the holy covenant, again showing favor to those who abandon the holy covenant.

Berean Standard Bible:

Ships of Kittim will come against him, and he will lose heart. Then he will turn back and rage against the holy covenant and do damage. So he will return and show favor to those who forsake the holy covenant.

American Standard Version:

For ships of Kittim shall come against him; therefore he shall be grieved, and shall return, and have indignation against the holy covenant, and shall do his pleasure: he shall even return, and have regard unto them that forsake the holy covenant.

KJV with Strong’s Numbers:

For the ships^{H6716} of Chittim^{H3794} shall come^{H935} against him: therefore he shall be grieved^{H3512}, and return^{H7725}, and have indignation^{H2194} against the holy^{H6944} covenant^{H1285}: so shall he do^{H6213}; he shall even return^{H7725}, and have intelligence^{H995} with them that forsake^{H5800} the holy^{H6944} covenant^{H1285}.

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Commentary for Daniel 11:30

Daniel 11:30 is part of a larger prophetic passage in the Book of Daniel, which foretells a series of conflicts involving the kingdoms that arose after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The verse specifically speaks to a naval conflict involving the "ships of Chittim," which likely refers to a western power, with some scholars interpreting Chittim as representing Rome or other maritime forces from the Mediterranean region.

In the historical context, this verse is situated amidst the turmoil of the Hellenistic period, where the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires, among others, vied for power. The "he" in the verse is generally understood to be a reference to the Seleucid king, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who is a central figure in the chapter and is known for his oppressive actions against the Jewish people and their religion.

The verse indicates that this king will face opposition from the west, symbolized by the ships of Chittim, leading to a strategic setback. This reversal will provoke his anger, particularly against the "holy covenant," which is a reference to the religious practices and commitments of the Jewish people. The verse suggests that Antiochus IV will respond to this challenge by intensifying his efforts to suppress the Jewish faith, aligning with those who have abandoned their religious commitments. This aligns with historical events where Antiochus IV outlawed Jewish religious practices and desecrated the Jerusalem Temple, leading to the Maccabean Revolt.

In summary, Daniel 11:30 prophesies a military defeat for Antiochus IV at the hands of a western power, which incites him to further persecute the Jewish people who remain faithful to their religious covenant. This persecution includes forming alliances with apostate Jews, deepening the crisis that eventually leads to the Maccabean uprising and the rededication of the Temple, an event commemorated by the Jewish festival of Hanukkah. The verse reflects the broader themes of persecution, religious fidelity, and divine judgment found throughout the Book of Daniel.

*This commentary is produced by Microsoft/WizardLM-2-8x22B AI model

Strong's Numbers and Definitions:

Note: H = Hebrew (OT), G = Greek (NT)

1. Strong's Number: H6716
   There are 4 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: צִי
   Transliteration: tsîy
   Pronunciation: tsee
   Description: from צָוָה; a ship (as a fixture); ship.
   
2. Strong's Number: H3794
   There are 8 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: כִּתִּי
   Transliteration: Kittîy
   Pronunciation: kit-tee'
   Description: or כִּתִּיִּי; patrial from an unused name denoting Cyprus (only in the plural); a Kittite or Cypriote; hence, an islander in general, i.e. the Greeks or Romans on the shores opposite Palestine; Chittim, Kittim.
   
3. Strong's Number: H935
   There are 2307 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: בּוֹא
   Transliteration: bôwʼ
   Pronunciation: bo
   Description: a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of applications); abide, apply, attain, [idiom] be, befall, [phrase] besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, [idiom] certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out, upon, to pass), depart, [idiom] doubtless again, [phrase] eat, [phrase] employ, (cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be fallen, fetch, [phrase] follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war), grant, [phrase] have, [idiom] indeed, (in-) vade, lead, lift (up), mention, pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, [idiom] (well) stricken (in age), [idiom] surely, take (in), way.
   
4. Strong's Number: H3512
   There are 3 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: כָּאָה
   Transliteration: kâʼâh
   Pronunciation: kaw-aw'
   Description: a primitive root; to despond; causatively, to deject; broken, be grieved, make sad.
   
5. Strong's Number: H7725
   There are 952 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: שׁוּב
   Transliteration: shûwb
   Pronunciation: shoob
   Description: a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again; ((break, build, circumcise, dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge, make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) [idiom] again, (cause to) answer ([phrase] again), [idiom] in any case (wise), [idiom] at all, averse, bring (again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back), cease, [idiom] certainly, come again (back), [idiom] consider, [phrase] continually, convert, deliver (again), [phrase] deny, draw back, fetch home again, [idiom] fro, get (oneself) (back) again, [idiom] give (again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see) more, [idiom] needs, be past, [idiom] pay, pervert, pull in again, put (again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh, relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve, (cause to, make to) return, reverse, reward, [phrase] say nay, send back, set again, slide back, still, [idiom] surely, take back (off), (cause to, make to) turn (again, self again, away, back, back again, backward, from, off), withdraw.
   
6. Strong's Number: H2194
   There are 11 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: זָעַם
   Transliteration: zâʻam
   Pronunciation: zaw-am'
   Description: a primitive root; properly, to foam at the mouth, i.e. to be enraged; abhor, abominable, (be) angry, defy, (have) indignation.
   
7. Strong's Number: H6944
   There are 382 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: קֹדֶשׁ
   Transliteration: qôdesh
   Pronunciation: ko'-desh
   Description: from קָדַשׁ; a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity; consecrated (thing), dedicated (thing), hallowed (thing), holiness, ([idiom] most) holy ([idiom] day, portion, thing), saint, sanctuary.
   
8. Strong's Number: H1285
   There are 264 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: בְּרִית
   Transliteration: bᵉrîyth
   Pronunciation: ber-eeth'
   Description: from בָּרָה (in the sense of cutting (like בָּרָא)); a compact (because made by passing between pieces of flesh); confederacy, (con-) feder(-ate), covenant, league.
   
9. Strong's Number: H6213
   There are 2286 instances of this translation in the Bible
   Lemma: עָשָׂה
   Transliteration: ʻâsâh
   Pronunciation: aw-saw'
   Description: a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application; accomplish, advance, appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth, bruise, be busy, [idiom] certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal (with), deck, [phrase] displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in) execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, [phrase] feast, (fight-) ing man, [phrase] finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go about, govern, grant, great, [phrase] hinder, hold (a feast), [idiom] indeed, [phrase] be industrious, [phrase] journey, keep, labour, maintain, make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, [phrase] officer, pare, bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure, provide, put, requite, [idiom] sacrifice, serve, set, shew, [idiom] sin, spend, [idiom] surely, take, [idiom] thoroughly, trim, [idiom] very, [phrase] vex, be (warr-) ior, work(-man), yield, use.
   
10. Strong's Number: H995
    There are 162 instances of this translation in the Bible
    Lemma: בִּין
    Transliteration: bîyn
    Pronunciation: bene
    Description: a primitive root; to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e.(generally) understand; attend, consider, be cunning, diligently, direct, discern, eloquent, feel, inform, instruct, have intelligence, know, look well to, mark, perceive, be prudent, regard, (can) skill(-full), teach, think, (cause, make to, get, give, have) understand(-ing), view, (deal) wise(-ly, man).
    
11. Strong's Number: H5800
    There are 206 instances of this translation in the Bible
    Lemma: עָזַב
    Transliteration: ʻâzab
    Pronunciation: aw-zab'
    Description: a primitive root; to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit, etc.; commit self, fail, forsake, fortify, help, leave (destitute, off), refuse, [idiom] surely.