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The Concept of "Glory" (Kabod/Doxa)
The Concept of "Glory" (Kabod/Doxa)
The concept of "glory" permeates the sacred texts of the Bible, serving as a foundational theme that unveils the nature of God, the purpose of creation, and the destiny of humanity. Derived from the Hebrew word kabod and the Greek word doxa, "glory" carries a profound theological weight, signifying not merely splendor or brightness, but inherent substance, majesty, honor, and renown. In essence, it is the visible manifestation of God's invisible attributes, His intrinsic worth and magnificent character revealed.
The Inherent and Manifested Glory of God
At its core, glory belongs to God alone. It is His intrinsic, uncreated attribute, the very essence of His being. The prophet Isaiah records the seraphim crying, "Holy, holy, holy, is the LORD of hosts: the whole earth is full of his glory." (Isaiah 6:3). This declaration underscores that God's glory is not something He acquires, but something He inherently possesses and radiates. It is the sum of all His perfections—His holiness, power, wisdom, love, justice, and truth—shining forth in resplendent majesty. The psalmist proclaims, "The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork." (Psalms 19:1). Creation itself is a testament to His glorious power and design, reflecting His magnificent attributes for all to see.
Beyond His inherent glory, God frequently manifests His glory in tangible, perceptible ways. This manifested glory, often referred to as the "Shekinah" (a rabbinic term meaning "dwelling"), was visible throughout Israel's history. It appeared as a consuming fire on Mount Sinai, a cloud by day, and a pillar of fire by night, guiding and protecting His people in the wilderness.
And the glory of the LORD abode upon mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days: and the seventh day he called unto Moses out of the midst of the cloud. And the sight of the glory of the LORD was like devouring fire on the top of the mount in the eyes of the children of Israel.
This visible glory filled the Tabernacle after its completion, signifying God's dwelling among His people and His acceptance of their worship. Similarly, when Solomon dedicated the Temple, the glory of the LORD filled the house, preventing the priests from ministering.
And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the holy place, that the cloud filled the house of the LORD, So that the priests could not stand to minister because of the cloud: for the glory of the LORD had filled the house of the LORD.
These manifestations served to demonstrate God's presence, His holiness, and His sovereign power, reminding Israel that their God was truly great and worthy of all adoration.
The Glory of Jesus Christ
The New Testament reveals that the ultimate manifestation of God's glory is found in the person of Jesus Christ. He is not merely a reflection of God's glory but is Himself the "brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person" (Hebrews 1:3). Jesus possessed glory with the Father before the foundation of the world, a glory He prayed to reclaim after His earthly ministry.
And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.
During His earthly ministry, Jesus veiled His divine glory in human flesh, yet glimpses of it were revealed. John the Apostle declared, "And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth." (John 1:14). His miracles, such as turning water into wine, were not mere acts of power but were performed to "manifest forth his glory" (John 2:11).
The most striking revelation of His incarnate glory occurred during the Transfiguration, where His face shone like the sun and His raiment became white as light, confirming His divine identity to His disciples.
And was transfigured before them: and his face did shine as the sun, and his raiment was white as the light.
Following His resurrection and ascension, Jesus was restored to His full glory at the right hand of the Father. He will return in the future "with power and great glory" (Matthew 24:30) to judge the living and the dead, establishing His eternal kingdom.
Man's Original Glory and Loss
When God created humanity, He did so in His own image and likeness (Genesis 1:26-27). This original state of creation implied a reflection of God's glory, a capacity for relationship with Him, and a mandate to exercise dominion over the earth as His representatives. Humanity was crowned with "glory and honour" (Psalms 8:5), designed to live in perfect harmony with God and reflect His character to the world.
However, this original glory was lost through sin. Adam's disobedience introduced spiritual death, separating humanity from the source of all glory. The Apostle Paul starkly states, "For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God" (Romans 3:23). This "coming short" signifies a failure to attain the divine standard, a loss of the very purpose for which humanity was created—to glorify God and enjoy Him forever. The image of God in humanity was marred, and the capacity to reflect His glory diminished.
Man's Restored and Future Glory
Despite humanity's fall, God, in His infinite grace, purposed to restore His glory in mankind through Jesus Christ. The gospel is the means by which believers are transformed "from glory to glory" (2 Corinthians 3:18), reflecting the image of Christ. This process of sanctification is a progressive unveiling of God's glory in the believer's life, as they are conformed to the likeness of His Son.
But we all, with open face beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord, are changed into the same image from glory to glory, even as by the Spirit of the Lord.
Moreover, believers are not only being transformed into glory but are also destined for a future, ultimate glorification. This includes the resurrection of their bodies into incorruptible and glorious forms, patterned after Christ's own resurrected body.
It is sown in dishonour; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised in power:
As joint-heirs with Christ, believers are assured of partaking in His eternal glory, a promise that far outweighs any present suffering.
And if children, then heirs; heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ; if so be that we suffer with him, that we may be also glorified together.
Ultimately, the redeemed will be presented "faultless before the presence of his glory with exceeding joy" (Jude 1:24), dwelling in the New Jerusalem, where the glory of God and the Lamb will be its light (Revelation 21:23). This is the ultimate goal of redemption: for God to be glorified in His saints, and for His saints to enjoy His glory forever.
Living for God's Glory
Understanding the concept of glory profoundly impacts the believer's life. If God's primary purpose in all things is to glorify Himself, then humanity's highest calling is to live for His glory. This means:
- Acknowledging God's Supreme Worth: Recognizing that all glory belongs to Him alone, and He is infinitely worthy of all praise and adoration.
- Reflecting His Character: Living in obedience to His Word, demonstrating His love, holiness, and truth to a watching world. As salt and light, believers are to shine forth the glory of God in their daily lives (Matthew 5:16).
- Doing All to His Glory: Whether in eating, drinking, or any other activity, the Christian's ultimate aim should be to bring honor and praise to God (1 Corinthians 10:31). This transforms mundane tasks into acts of worship.
- Anticipating Future Glory: Living with an eternal perspective, knowing that present sufferings are not worthy to be compared with the glory that shall be revealed in us (Romans 8:18).
In conclusion, the concept of "glory" in the Bible is multifaceted yet unified. It originates from the inherent nature of God, is perfectly embodied in Jesus Christ, was lost by humanity through sin, and is graciously restored and ultimately perfected in believers through Christ. From creation to consummation, all things are for God's glory. As believers, our greatest privilege and purpose is to live lives that magnify His matchless glory, both now and for all eternity. It is a call to worship, to transformation, and to an unwavering hope in the glorious future that awaits those who are in Christ.
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