Paul's Farewell to the Ephesian Elders: A Legacy of Pastoral Care and Truth
The apostle Paul's ministry was marked by tireless evangelism, profound theological instruction, and an unwavering commitment to the churches he planted. Among the most poignant and instructive moments of his missionary journeys is his farewell address to the Ephesian elders at Miletus, recorded in Acts 20:17-38. This moving discourse serves not merely as a historical account of a parting, but as a timeless blueprint for pastoral leadership, a testament to Paul's own integrity, and a solemn warning against the spiritual dangers that threaten the church. It is a powerful example of a shepherd's heart, overflowing with love, concern, and a deep sense of accountability before God.
A Pattern of Humble Service and Unwavering Testimony
Paul began his address by reminding the elders of his conduct among them from the very first day. His ministry was not characterized by self-promotion or worldly ambition, but by profound humility and diligent service. He recounted his service to the Lord with "all humility of mind," amidst "many tears, and temptations."
And when they were come to him, he said unto them, Ye know, from the first day that I came into Asia, after what manner I have been with you at all seasons, Serving the Lord with all humility of mind, and with many tears, and temptations, which befell me by the lying in wait of the Jews:
This humility was coupled with an uncompromising commitment to the truth of the gospel. Paul held nothing back, faithfully declaring "all the counsel of God." His teaching was comprehensive, addressing both public gatherings and private homes, ensuring that the full scope of God's redemptive plan was proclaimed.
And how I kept back nothing that was profitable unto you, but have shewed you, and have taught you publickly, and from house to house, Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ.
His ministry was characterized by a balanced emphasis on both repentance and faith, the twin pillars of conversion. He taught a Christ-centered message, urging both Jews and Gentiles to turn from their sins and place their trust in Jesus Christ. This demonstrates that true spiritual leadership is rooted in a life of integrity, marked by humble service, and an unwavering proclamation of God's Word, regardless of the cost or opposition.
The Spirit's Warnings and Paul's Resolve
As Paul spoke, he revealed the Holy Spirit's solemn warnings concerning his impending journey to Jerusalem. He knew that "bonds and afflictions" awaited him, yet his resolve remained unshaken. His life was not his own; it was consecrated to the service of Christ and the furtherance of His gospel.
And now, behold, I go bound in the spirit unto Jerusalem, not knowing the things that shall befall me there: Save that the Holy Ghost witnesseth in every city, saying that bonds and afflictions abide me. But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry, which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the gospel of the grace of God.
This declaration highlights Paul's profound devotion. His primary concern was not his personal safety or comfort, but the completion of the ministry entrusted to him by the Lord Jesus. He counted his life as nothing in comparison to the glorious task of testifying to "the gospel of the grace of God." This selfless dedication is a powerful challenge to all who aspire to lead in the church, reminding them that true ministry often involves sacrifice and hardship.
Paul then made a remarkable statement, declaring his purity from the blood of all men. This audacious claim was possible because he had faithfully discharged his duty, holding nothing back from them.
And now, behold, I know that ye all, among whom I have gone preaching the kingdom of God, shall see my face no more. Wherefore I take you to record this day, that I am pure from the blood of all men. For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God.
To be "pure from the blood of all men" meant that he had faithfully warned them of God's judgment and presented the path to salvation. He had not compromised the message or withheld uncomfortable truths. This underscores the immense responsibility of those who preach and teach God's Word: to deliver the full counsel of God, leaving no one in ignorance regarding their spiritual state or the way of salvation.
Solemn Charge to Shepherd God's Flock
Having established his own faithful example, Paul then turned to the Ephesian elders with a solemn charge concerning their weighty responsibility. He exhorted them to "take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock," recognizing that they were overseers appointed by the Holy Ghost.
Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the church of God, which he hath purchased with his own blood.
This verse is foundational for understanding pastoral ministry. Firstly, it emphasizes the need for elders to guard their own spiritual lives ("take heed... unto yourselves"). A leader cannot effectively shepherd others if his own soul is neglected. Secondly, it highlights the divine appointment of elders ("the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers"). This is not a human election alone, but a divine calling. Thirdly, it defines their primary task: "to feed the church of God." This involves spiritual nourishment through the teaching of God's Word. Finally, it underscores the immeasurable value of the Church: "which he hath purchased with his own blood." The Church is not merely a human organization; it is the blood-bought possession of God Himself, making the responsibility of its care supremely sacred.
Paul then issued a dire warning, foreseeing dangerous threats that would arise after his departure. He spoke of "grievous wolves" from outside and "perverse things" spoken from within the church.
For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock. Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them. Therefore watch, and remember, that by the space of three years I ceased not to warn every one night and day with tears.
The "grievous wolves" refer to false teachers who would seek to exploit and destroy the flock, much like predators. Even more alarmingly, Paul warned that some within their own ranks, "of your own selves," would arise, speaking "perverse things" to mislead believers. This calls for vigilance on the part of elders, to discern and confront error, whether it comes from external sources or from within the fellowship. Paul's own example of constant warning, "night and day with tears," for three years, underscores the seriousness of this threat and the diligence required to protect the flock from doctrinal corruption.
Commended to God and the Word of His Grace
Recognizing the immense challenges ahead, Paul did not leave the elders to rely solely on their own strength or wisdom. Instead, he commended them to the ultimate source of power and guidance: God Himself and His Word.
And now, brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up, and to give you an inheritance among all them which are sanctified.
This is a profound statement of faith. The "word of his grace" refers to the gospel message and the entirety of God's revealed truth. It is this Word that possesses the power to "build you up," providing spiritual maturity and strength. Furthermore, it is the Word that secures their "inheritance among all them which are sanctified." This points to the eternal hope and blessing reserved for God's consecrated people. For ministers and believers alike, this verse is a reminder that our security, growth, and hope are found not in human wisdom or strength, but in the faithful application of God's grace-filled Word.
An Example of Selfless Ministry
Paul further reinforced his pastoral counsel by drawing attention to his own selfless example. He had not coveted their material possessions, but had labored with his own hands to support himself and his companions.
I have coveted no man's silver, or gold, or apparel. Yea, ye yourselves know, that these hands have ministered unto my necessities, and to them that were with me.
This stood in stark contrast to the false teachers he warned them about, who often sought personal gain. Paul's example of working with his hands demonstrated integrity and prevented any accusation that he was exploiting the church for financial benefit. This principle of self-support, or at least financial transparency and freedom from covetousness, remains a vital lesson for all Christian leaders.
He then concluded this section with a timeless principle taught by the Lord Jesus Himself:
I have shewed you all things, how that so labouring ye ought to support the weak, and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he said, It is more blessed to give than to receive.
This profound statement, though not recorded in the Gospels, was a direct saying of Christ preserved by Paul. It encapsulates the very heart of Christian generosity and self-sacrifice. Paul's life was a living embodiment of this truth, demonstrating that true blessedness comes from giving, serving, and supporting others, especially "the weak." This principle encourages not only financial giving but also the giving of one's time, energy, and resources for the sake of the gospel and the welfare of others.
The Tearful Parting
The farewell culminated in a deeply emotional scene. After Paul finished speaking, he knelt down and prayed with them all. This act of prayer, a common practice for Paul, emphasized their reliance on God and their unity in Christ.
And when he had thus spoken, he kneeled down, and prayed with them all. And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him, Sorrowing most of all for the words which he spake, that they should see his face no more. And they accompanied him unto the ship.
The elders' profound sorrow ("wept sore") and their affectionate embrace of Paul revealed the depth of their bond. Their grief was particularly acute because Paul had told them they would "see his face no more." This parting was not just a temporary separation but a final farewell in this life. Their escort to the ship was a final act of respect and love for the apostle who had poured his life into them and the church at Ephesus.
Paul's farewell to the Ephesian elders stands as a monumental passage for Christian leadership and discipleship. It reveals the heart of a true shepherd: one who serves with humility, declares God's Word without compromise, endures suffering for the gospel, warns against spiritual dangers, commends others to God's sustaining grace, and lives a life of selfless generosity. The lessons gleaned from Acts 20 are as relevant today as they were in Miletus, urging all believers, especially those in positions of leadership, to guard themselves, shepherd the flock of God, and faithfully proclaim the glorious gospel of His grace until Christ returns.