The Hebrew word Tummîym, represented by H8550, is defined as perfections. It appears 5 times across 5 unique verses. The term technically refers to one of the objects placed in the high-priest's breastplate, functioning as an emblem of complete Truth.
In the biblical narrative, H8550 is always mentioned in conjunction with the Urim as a sacred object associated with the high priesthood. It was placed by Moses into the breastplate of judgment upon Aaron (Exodus 28:30, Leviticus 8:8). By bearing the Thummim upon his heart, the high priest was to carry the "judgment of the children of Israel" when he went before the LORD Exodus 28:30. Later, in the time of Ezra and Nehemiah, the absence of a priest who could use the Urim and Thummim prevented a decision on who was permitted to eat of the "most holy things" (Ezra 2:63, Nehemiah 7:65).
Several related words help clarify the function and context of the Thummim:
- H224 ʼÛwrîym (lights; Urim): This object is always paired with the Thummim in scripture. It is described as the oracular brilliancy in the high-priest's breastplate and was used to "ask counsel" from the LORD Numbers 27:21.
- H4941 mishpâṭ (judgment): This term defines the purpose of the breastplate in which the Thummim was placed. The breastplate is called the "breastplate of judgment," and with it, the priest bears the "judgment of the children of Israel" Exodus 28:30.
The theological weight of H8550 is significant in understanding divine guidance in ancient Israel.
- Symbol of Perfection and Truth: The word's base meaning is "perfections," indicating that the judgments derived through this object were to be considered complete and true, reflecting divine integrity.
- Instrument of Divine Judgment: The Thummim was a physical means through which God's judgment H4941 was revealed. Its placement in the "breastplate of judgment" and its use "before the LORD" underscore its role in sacred judicial and decision-making processes Exodus 28:30.
- Priestly Mediation: The keeping of the Thummim was entrusted to the high priest, as noted in the blessing upon the tribe of Levi: "Let thy Thummim and thy Urim be with thy holy one" Deuteronomy 33:8. This highlights the priest's role as a unique mediator seeking God's will for the nation.
In summary, H8550 is not merely a priestly ornament but a profound symbol of divine perfection and truth. As part of the Urim and Thummim, it was a cornerstone of the high-priestly function, representing a tangible connection to the judgment and guidance of God. Its presence in scripture illustrates a primary method by which the Lord's will was sought and communicated to the people of Israel.
TRV