### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **tachmâç**, represented by `{{H8464}}`, refers to a specific type of unclean bird, identified as the **night hawk**. Its base definition suggests it is named for its violent nature. The word is rare, appearing only **2 times** in **2 unique verses** within the Old Testament.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The use of `{{H8464}}` is exclusively found within the legal texts of the Pentateuch. In both Leviticus and Deuteronomy, **tachmâç** is included in the identical list of birds that the Israelites were forbidden to eat. It appears alongside other birds of prey and scavengers, being designated as ceremonially unclean under the Mosaic Law ([[Leviticus 11:16]], [[Deuteronomy 14:15]]). Its context is strictly regulatory, helping to define the dietary boundaries for God's covenant people.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several other words for birds appear in the immediate context of **tachmâç**, helping to illustrate the category of forbidden animals:
* `{{H1323}}` & `{{H3284}}` **bath yaʻănâh**: This combination is used for the **owl**. `{{H1323}}` primarily means **daughter** but is used figuratively for "owl" in these lists, while `{{H3284}}` is defined as **the ostrich**, also used for "owl" [[Leviticus 11:16]]. The pairing appears in desolate settings elsewhere in scripture [[Isaiah 34:13]].
* `{{H7828}}` **shachaph**: This word is translated as **cuckow** and is defined as "the gull (as thin)." It is listed directly after the night hawk in the lists of unclean birds [[Deuteronomy 14:15]].
* `{{H5322}}` **nêts**: Meaning **hawk**, this word is derived from a root signifying flashing speed. It appears at the end of the avian sequence containing **tachmâç** [[Leviticus 11:16]]. The same word can also mean **blossom**, highlighting a different kind of natural brilliance [[Genesis 40:10]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H8464}}` is rooted in the biblical concept of holiness and separation.
* **Ceremonial Uncleanness:** The inclusion of the **night hawk** in the list of forbidden foods is a direct expression of the laws of kashrut, which distinguished Israel from surrounding nations [[Leviticus 11:16]].
* **Symbol of Violence:** The definition of **tachmâç** as being named "from its violence" connects its natural predatory behavior to its status as unclean. This suggests that animals associated with violence or death were considered incompatible with a holy diet.
* **Legal Repetition:** The exact repetition of this list in both Leviticus and Deuteronomy underscores its importance as a foundational tenet of the covenant law given to Moses, meant to be remembered and upheld across generations [[Deuteronomy 14:15]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H8464}}` **tachmâç** serves a very specific and focused role in scripture. While it is not part of a narrative, its presence in the legal codes is significant. As the "night hawk," it is a prime example of an animal deemed unclean, likely due to its predatory nature. Its inclusion helps to build the larger theological framework of holiness, separation, and divine order that was central to the life of ancient Israel.
TRV