and (feminine) תְּבוּנָה; or תּוֹבֻנָה; from בִּין; intelligence; by implication, an argument; by extension, caprice; discretion, reason, skilfulness, understanding, wisdom.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **tâbûwn**, represented by `{{H8394}}`, is a term for **intelligence**, **understanding**, and **discretion**. It appears **43 times** across **42 unique verses**, signifying a deep mental capacity that encompasses reason, skilfulness, and wisdom. This concept is applied to both the infinite mind of God and the practical, moral insight sought by humanity.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In scripture, `{{H8394}}` is used to describe the divine nature of God, whose **understanding** is infinite and beyond human comprehension ([[Psalms 147:5]], [[Isaiah 40:28]]). This quality is not passive but active, as God established the heavens by His **understanding** ([[Proverbs 3:19]], [[Jeremiah 51:15]]). For humans, **understanding** is often portrayed as a gift from God. The LORD is the source of **understanding** [[Proverbs 2:6]], giving it to leaders like Solomon [[1 Kings 4:29]] and to artisans for skilled work on the sanctuary [[Exodus 31:3]]. A person with **understanding** is characterized by patience [[Proverbs 14:29]], while a fool has no delight in it [[Proverbs 18:2]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help define the scope of **tâbûwn**:
* `{{H2451}}` **chokmâh** (wisdom): This term for "wisdom (in a good sense)" is frequently paired with **tâbûwn**, indicating that true understanding is expressed through wisdom. The LORD is the source of both [[Proverbs 2:6]].
* `{{H1847}}` **daʻath** (knowledge): Defined as "knowledge," this word often appears alongside wisdom and understanding, forming a trio of cognitive gifts from God necessary for skill and discernment [[Exodus 31:3]]. Those who make idols lack both **knowledge** and **understanding** [[Isaiah 44:19]].
* `{{H6098}}` **ʻêtsâh** (counsel): Meaning "advice; by implication, plan," this word highlights the strategic aspect of understanding. The dossier states there is no wisdom, **understanding**, or **counsel** that can succeed against the LORD [[Proverbs 21:30]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H8394}}` is significant and multifaceted.
* **Divine Omniscience:** The term establishes God's boundless intellect. His **understanding** is unsearchable, a key attribute of the Creator that sets Him apart from creation [[Isaiah 40:28]]. His plans and creative acts are founded upon this perfect faculty [[Proverbs 3:19]].
* **A Gift from God:** Scripture presents **understanding** not merely as a human achievement but as a divine gift. It is something to be cried after and sought [[Proverbs 2:3]], given by God for righteous living and for accomplishing His purposes on earth, such as building the sanctuary [[Exodus 36:1]].
* **Moral and Practical Virtue:** Possessing **understanding** is directly linked to righteous character. A "man of **understanding**" is contrasted with a fool, demonstrating self-control, wise speech, and upright living ([[Proverbs 15:21]], [[Proverbs 17:27]]). It is the foundation upon which a stable life is built [[Proverbs 24:3]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H8394}}` is far more than simple intellect. It represents a profound capacity for insight, reason, and discernment. It is an infinite and active attribute of God, foundational to His work as Creator. For humanity, it is a precious virtue and a gift from God, essential for skillful work, moral integrity, and a life that aligns with divine wisdom. The word illustrates the biblical connection between the mind and righteous living, showing that true understanding is both a divine quality and a human pursuit.
TRV