### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew term שָׁפָה (shâphâh), Strong's `{{H8194}}`, is derived from a root that conveys the sense of "clarifying" or "straining." This etymological connection is crucial, as it defines the noun as "cheese," specifically emphasizing a product that has been "strained from the whey." This implies a process of separation and refinement, resulting in a more solid and concentrated form of dairy. Unlike fresh milk, cheese represents a processed food, often with improved keeping qualities, achieved through a method of purification or consolidation. The semantic range for `{{H8194}}` itself is narrow, exclusively referring to this specific dairy product.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The noun שָׁפָה (shâphâh) appears only once in the Hebrew Bible, in [[2 Samuel 17:29]]. In this solitary occurrence, it is found in the plural form, שְׁפוֹת בָּקָר (shᵉphōt bāqār), meaning "cheeses of cattle" or "cow cheeses." The context is highly significant: during David's flight from Absalom, a group of loyal individuals—Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai—bring vital provisions to David and his weary company in Mahanaim. These provisions include wheat, barley, flour, parched grain, beans, lentils, honey, curds, sheep, and these "cheeses of kine." The inclusion of cheese among these essential foodstuffs highlights its role as a practical and nourishing item for sustenance, particularly for those on the move or in a time of distress. The mention of "strained" cheese might suggest a more durable or higher-quality product, suitable for travel and storage, reinforcing the practical nature of the provision.
### Related Words & Concepts
The primary related concept is the root שָׁפָה (shâphâ) itself, which, in its verbal forms, can mean "to be bare," "smooth," or "clear." This root connection illuminates the process by which cheese is made—the clarification and separation of solids from liquids. Other related terms include general dairy products such as חָלָב (ḥālāv, `{{H2461}}`), "milk," and חֶמְאָה (ḥemʾāh, `{{H2578}}`), often translated as "butter" or "curds," which represents another form of processed milk, though distinct from the strained cheese. More broadly, `{{H8194}}` relates to the biblical themes of provision, sustenance, and hospitality, as seen in various narratives where food is offered to those in need or as an act of welcome.
### Theological Significance
While "cheese" itself is not a central theological concept, its singular appearance in [[2 Samuel 17:29]] is imbued with theological significance through its context. The provision of שָׁפָה (shâphâh) and other foodstuffs to David and his men during their desperate flight underscores God's providential care. Even in the midst of rebellion and personal crisis, God orchestrates the kindness of others to meet the physical needs of His anointed. This act of bringing provisions, including cheese, serves as a tangible expression of faithfulness and divine sustenance through human agency. It illustrates the practical ways in which God sustains His people, often through the generosity and compassion of others, reinforcing the principle that God provides for His servants even in their most vulnerable moments. It speaks to the holistic nature of God's care, extending to the most basic human needs.
### Summary
שָׁפָה (shâphâh, `{{H8194}}`) denotes "cheese," specifically emphasizing its production through a process of straining or clarifying. Its singular biblical occurrence in [[2 Samuel 17:29]] places it within the narrative of divine provision and human faithfulness, as loyal individuals bring essential sustenance to King David during his flight. This humble food item, therefore, serves as a poignant symbol of God's practical care and the means by which He sustains His people in times of hardship, mediated through the compassion of others.
TRV