The Hebrew word ʼeshkâr, represented by H814, is defined as a gratuity, gift, or present. It appears only 2 times across 2 unique verses, making it a rare term. The word signifies a valuable item given as an expression of honor or as part of a commercial exchange.
In its biblical usage, H814 describes offerings of significant value given by foreign entities. In Psalms, it is used in a prophecy where the kings of Sheba H7614 and Seba H5434 shall offer gifts as a form of tribute to a righteous king Psalms 72:10. In Ezekiel, the term describes valuable goods brought by merchants from Dedan H1719 to the great trading city of Tyre. These merchants brought thee for a present horns H7161 of ivory H8127 and ebony H1894 as part of their international commerce Ezekiel 27:15.
Several related words help clarify the context in which a gift H814 is given:
- H4503 minchâh (gift, oblation, present): This word for "present" is used in parallel with ʼeshkâr in Psalms 72:10, often referring to a donation, tribute, or a sacrificial offering. It can be a "pure offering" presented to God's name Malachi 1:11.
- H5506 çᵉchôrâh (merchandise): This term defines the context of the gift in Ezekiel 27:15 as part of a commercial transaction or traffic. The isles were engaged in trade, and their ʼeshkâr was part of this merchandise Ezekiel 27:15.
- H7126 qârab (to offer, present): This verb describes the action of bringing a gift or sacrifice near. In Psalms 72:10, kings shall offer these gifts, signifying an act of approaching and presenting something of value to a figure of authority.
The significance of H814 is tied to its specific contexts of honor and value:
- Tribute to the King: The gift in Psalms 72:10 is an act of homage from foreign kings H4428 to God's chosen ruler, acknowledging his greatness and dominion. It illustrates nations bringing their wealth to honor the righteous king.
- Valuable Commerce: In Ezekiel 27:15, the present consists of rare and precious materials like ivory H8127 and ebony H1894. This highlights the value and exotic nature of the gift, connecting it to the wealth that flows through global trade and the "merchandise of thine hand".
- Expression of Honor: As a gratuity, H814 represents a voluntary offering of high worth. Whether given as tribute to a king or as a prized item of trade, it functions as a tangible expression of respect, relationship, or goodwill.
In summary, H814 is a specific and infrequently used term for a valuable gift or present. Its two occurrences place it in the high-stakes worlds of royal tribute and international commerce. The word ʼeshkâr conveys more than a simple gift; it signifies a gratuity of significant worth, offered to show honor to a king or as a prized piece of merchandise.
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